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His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary
literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my
quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what
he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally
that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the
Solar system.
"You appear to be astonished, " Holmes said, smiling at my expression. "Now
that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a
man's brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it
with such furniture as you choose: A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort
that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets
crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has
difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little
room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there
comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you
know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless
facts elbowing out the useful ones."
"But the Solar System! " I protested.
"What the deuce is it to me?" he interrupted impatiently.
One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while
away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of
the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my
eye through it.
Its somewhat ambitious title was "The Book of Life, " and it attempted to
show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic
examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable
mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but
the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer
claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye,
to fathom a man's inmost thought. Deceit, according to him, was impossibility in
the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusions were as
infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results
appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had
arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer.
"From a drop of water, "said the writer, "a logician could infer the
possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is
known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the
science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and
patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest
possible perfection in it. "
This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession
of evidences justified it.
1. What is the author's attitude toward Holmes?
[A] Praising.
[B] Critical.
[C] Ironical.
[D] Distaste.
2. What way did the author take to stick out Holmes' uniqueness?
[A] By deduction.
[B] By explanation.
[C] By contrast.
[D] By analysis.
3. What was the Holmes' idea about knowledge-learning?
[A] Learning what every body learned.
[B] Learning what was useful to you.
[C] Learning whatever you came across.
[D] Learning what was different to you.
4. What did the article mentioned in the passage talk about?
[A] One may master the way of reasoning through observation.
[B] One may become rather critical through observation and analysis.
[C] One may become rather sharp through observation and analysis.
[D] One may become practical through observation and analysis.
答案详解
1. A
赞扬。作者以无知烘托人物之有知，以他本人的反对批评观点来证明人物的正确。否定及所谓机刺旨在铺垫。正反对比赞扬福之精明强悍，才智超人，洞察力强。
2. C 作者采用对比手法。
3. B
学习对你有用之物。第二段福之表白，他把头脑比作一个小小的空屋，不能随意选择家具(知识)塞满空间，应选择“有用之才”，免得填满了废物，把有用之才挤出去。
4. C
通过观察和分析人会变得很敏锐。最后二段都是讲福所写文章的内容。善于观察和分析的人可以一眼看透人之本质，一点水能知大西洋。这种一叶知秋的本领是通过长期观察、分析研究而得。也就是说，通过观察分析，人可以变得敏感聪慧，因为万物都有联系。 |
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发表于 2016-12-4 13:32:56