英语四级写作修辞手法：明喻-暗喻-转喻

英语自学网

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        Simile 明喻
        明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.
        标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.
        例如:
        1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.
        2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.
        3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.
        Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻
        隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.
        例如:
        1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
        2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
        Metonymy 借喻,转喻
        借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.
        I.以容器代替内容,例如:
        1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.
        2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.
        II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:
        Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
        III.以作者代替作品,例如:
        a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
        VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
        I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.