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本次阅读选题依然围绕当前社会热点，密切联系世情发展。考生如能在日常阅读中关注政经时事，把握热点词汇，考试时应该能够较为顺畅。
以阅读理解第四篇文章为例，作者Lawrence
Summers是美国著名经济学家，曾担任美国第71任财长，亦曾担任哈佛大学校长，文章对经济一体化在全球的发展做了回顾分析，指出了当前面临的问题和解决问题的途径。
阅读理解第四篇
Since the end of World War II, a broad consensus in support of global
economic integration as a force for peace and prosperity has been a pillar of
the international order. From global trade agreements to the European Union
project; from the work of the Bretton Woods institutions to the removal of
pervasive capital controls; from the vast expansion in foreign direct investment
to major increases in the flow of people across borders, the overall direction
has been clear. Driven by domestic economic progress, by technologies such as
containerized shipping and the Internet that promote integration, and by
legislative changes within countries and international agreements between
countries, the world has gotten smaller and more closely connected.
第一段的主题句也就是第一句话Since the end of World War II, a broad consensus in support
of global economic integration as a force for peace and prosperity has been a
pillar of the international order，指出了二战后全球经济一体化的发展历程和影响，并不涉及文章主旨内容。
This broad program of global integration has been more successful than
could reasonably have been hoped. We have not had a war between major powers.
Global standards of living have risen faster than at any point in history. And
material progress has coincided with even more rapid progress in combating
hunger, empowering women, promoting literacy and extending life. A world that
will have more smartphones than adults within a few years is a world in which
more is possible for more people than ever before.
第二段同样不涉及核心内容，仍然是列举global integration造成的深远影响，可以大略阅读。
Yet a revolt against global integration is underway in the West. The four
most prominent candidates for president of the United States all oppose the
principal free-trade initiative of this period: the Trans-Pacific Partnership.
Trump’s proposals to wall off Mexico, abrogate trade agreements and persecute
Muslims are far more popular than he is. The Brexit movement in Britain commands
substantial support and could prevail. Whenever any aspect of the E.U. project
is submitted to a popular referendum, it fails. Under pressure from a large
influx of refugees, the European commitment to open borders appears to be
crumbling. In large part because of political constraints, the growth of the
international financial institutions has not kept pace with the growth of the
global economy.
第三段段首的YET是我们在讲解阅读技巧时提醒大家注意的一个逻辑标记，引出了文章探讨的核心——a revolt against global
integration is underway in the West。
One substantial part of what is behind the resistance is a lack of
knowledge. Everyone who loses a job because a factory moves abroad knows it;
many who lose their jobs for local reasons blame globalization. But no one
thanks international trade for the fact that their paycheck buys twice as much
in clothes, toys and other goods as it otherwise would. Those who succeed as
exporters tend to credit their own prowess, not international agreements. So
there is certainly a case for our leaders and business communities to educate
people about the benefits of global integration. But at this late date, with the
trends moving the wrong way, it is hard to be optimistic about such efforts.
本段首句还是段落的主题句，探讨了经济一体化遭到反对的一部分原因在于缺少了解，所以需要leaders和business
communities来宣扬其益处，尽管当前对此难以保持乐观。
The core of the revolt against global integration, though, is not
ignorance. It is a sense — unfortunately not wholly unwarranted — that it is a
project being carried out by elites for elites, with little consideration for
the interests of ordinary people. They see the globalization agenda as being set
by large companies that successfully play one country against another. They read
the revelations in the Panama Papers and conclude that globalization offers a
fortunate few opportunities to avoid taxes and regulations that are not
available to everyone else. And they see the kind of disintegration that
accompanies global integration as local communities suffer when major employers
lose out to foreign competitors.
本段探讨了反对经济一体化的核心原因——it is a project being carried out by elites for
elites，认为这个原因并非无凭无据(not wholly unwarranted)。
What will happen going forward? What should happen?
Elites can continue on the current path of pursuing integration projects
and defending existing integration, hoping to win enough popular support that
their efforts are not thwarted. On the evidence of the U.S. presidential
campaign and the Brexit debate, this strategy may have run its course. This will
likely result in a hiatus from new global integration efforts and an effort to
preserve what is already in place while relying on technology and growth in the
developing world to drive any further integration. The historical precedents,
notably the period between World Wars I and II, are hardly encouraging about
unmanaged globalization succeeding with neither a strong underwriter of the
system nor strong global institutions.
本段指出，精英人士可能会继续推进一体化，为其辩护，但这种策略或许已无裨益(this strategy may have run its
course)。
Much more promising is this idea: The promotion of global integration can
become a bottom-up rather than a top-down project. The emphasis can shift from
promoting integration to managing its consequences. This would mean a shift from
international trade agreements to international harmonization agreements,
whereby issues such as labor rights and environmental protection would be
central, while issues related to empowering foreign producers would be
secondary. It would also mean devoting as much political capital to the
trillions of dollars that escape taxation or evade regulation through
cross-border capital flows as we now devote to trade agreements. And it would
mean an emphasis on the challenges of middle-class parents everywhere who doubt,
but still hope desperately, that their kids can have better lives than they
did.
最后一段作者指出了更有希望的一些具体做法，希望通过侧重于international harmonization
agreements等途径，更好地推动全球经济一体化。
本篇文章中既有global economic integration、international order、Bretton
Woods这样的传统热点词汇，也有像Trans-Pacific Partnership、Brexit
movement这类政治经济领域的新型热点词汇，也提醒考生在备考时务必关注国际政治经济形势的发展变化，熟悉相关表达方式，以降低阅读时遇到障碍的可能性，提升自身的阅读速度。
简答题第三篇文章
本文选自2015年11月的《时代周刊》，谈论的是代际之间的关系问题。传统意义上来说，中国人讲究“家有一老，如有一宝”，老人往往因为其自身丰富的人生阅历而受到重视和尊敬，但本文却提出了“反向指导”(reverse
mentorship)的概念，颇有新意。本文并没有很多生僻词语，但对boomer、Gen
X-ers和Millennials这类词语的基本理解却是答题的关键所在。
A friend of mine, who's a little over 50, met with a big firm about a job
recently. The good news was that they loved his ideas. But they said he would
have to get someone else to present all his great ideas to clients. In other
words, someone who can wear a hoodie to work without irony. Like a business body
double. A millennial beard. That way, the company could keep looking young while
still benefiting from his deep knowledge of the business and, well, human
nature.
首段以作者朋友的实例引出文章内容，是常见的笔法。
The concept isn't as unfair as it sounds. As a late boomer, I have high
hopes for this arrangement. We are increasingly codependent generations.
Millennials need boomers and older Gen X-ers so they know what to improve on.
And we need millennials to get our ideas across. Just ask anyone who's tried
pitching a startup to investors without a 20-something on her team. Even
middle-aged people don't trust anyone over 30. That's why 40- and 50-somethings
fall all over themselves in meetings to show who can most enthusiastically agree
with a millennial's idea.
本段提到了boomers、older Gen X-ers和Millennials三代人，认为大家越来越互相依赖(increasingly
codependent)。
It's a little desperate, our bid for relevance by association. But we
oldsters feel insecure without a 20-something as backup, especially when it
comes to anything involving the word content. Or Snapchat. Or any kind of
sharing that doesn't involve food or money. More important, millennials are now
the largest, hardest-working sector of the workforce and the most desirable
market for most businesses, and we don't want them to turn on us.
本段讲述了Millennials能够发挥的作用，比如让oldsters有安全感。
At Google, where the median employee age is about 29, the company has a
support group for people over 40 called Greyglers. In the blurb about Greyglers,
the company notes that they hope to promote "age diversity awareness" at Google
and foster the success of their "elders." Yes, middle age is now a
special-interest group. This is perhaps why 28-year-old tech gurus fret about
losing their jobs to college interns who are cheaper and more current. It's also
why Botox is booming in the Valley among some older engineers. Closely related
is a new corporate trend called "reverse mentorship." That's when millennials
take older employees under their wing to teach them how most corporate revenue
problems can be solved with a few social-media tricks, and why you shouldn't
ever leave voice mails for anyone.
本段以实例的方式阐述了年龄方面的差别，提出了“反向指导”(reverse mentorship)的概念。
Nonetheless, I'm all for millennial mentors. (And I agree about voice
mail.) I used to run TIME's editorial-technology department, back when people
used dial-up modems. Since then I've learned to make deals in advance with a
millennial to ensure support before I suggest anything vaguely technical in a
meeting. You need a millennial front person for an idea to succeed. Partly
because when they believe in something, they will put in 7,000 thankless hours
to make it happen. Plus, life is so much better when it's infused with the
energy of people who aren't hobbled by the memory of what didn't work "the last
time we tried that." Turns out, tech knowledge is a lot like online celebrity.
It's highly perishable.
本段阐释了作者对这一做法的支持态度和背后的原因，要注意PARTLY、PLUS这样的词语体现的列举情况。
And that's where we boomers can come in handy for millennials. We've
already done all that reckoning. We learned a long time ago that there is always
someone younger, thinner and more digital waiting right behind you.
Remember, back in the 20th century, we were the smartest kids in the room.
But then we had kids ourselves, and the stakes got higher when it came to
careers and relationships. We couldn't just keep trading up or moving on; we had
to learn to hold on instead. And work started bleeding into our nights and
weekends, thanks to the very technology that everyone still struggles to keep
ahead of now. Time was no longer limitless, and it stretched thin faster than we
expected.
本段是作者对所代表的一代人的情况的回顾。
This new generation will face all that soon enough. Even Mark Zuckerberg,
who famously said that "young people are just smarter," might not feel so smart
now that his first child has arrived. Babies can do that. Family is the one
variable you can't control for. You can't scrap them for a new version. There's
no A/B testing or product road map, and the people in your life will be
unfailingly unpredictable. You'll often decide to choose their happiness over
your ambitions. And they will get sick or die when you don't expect it. Life is
inherently disruptive. You just have to adapt. There's no secret hack, no
work-around, no pro tip for that. Except maybe this: to manage the personal
hurricanes that will blow your way, you'll need aid and comfort from the people
where you work. And that's when a little intergenerational codependence can be a
very good thing.
本段是对新一代人的分析，同时指出，代际之间彼此有些依赖可以说是件好事(a little intergenerational codependence
can be a very good thing)。 |
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发表于 2016-9-14 15:49:27