透析英语重难点语法：分词作定语

英语自学网

　　不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在进行，过去分词强调完成;及物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动，过去分词强调被动。分词的完成式一般不作定语。分词作其他成分时，也是如此。分词作定语，单个的分词作定语一般前置;分词词组，个别分词如given，
left等，修饰不定代词等的分词，作定语需后置。例如：
        　　We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
        　　He is a retired worker.　 他是位退休的工人
        　　There was a girl sitting there.　有个女孩坐在那里
        　　This is the question given.　　 这是所给的问题
        　　There is nothing interesting.　 没有有趣的东西
        　　分词作定语相当于定语从句，如Most of the people invited to the party were famous
scientists. = Most of the people who wereinvited to the party were famous
scientists.
        　　典型例题
        　　1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came
out in the 16th century.
        　　A. have written　 B. to be written　 C. being written　 D. written
        　　答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which was written
        　　2)What's the language ____ in Germany?
        　　A. speaking　　B. spoken　　 C. be spoken　　D. to speak
        　　答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。spoken，在句中作定语，修饰主语language， spoken 与
language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：What's the language (which is) spoken in German?