新东方四六级考前内部串讲讲义：作文部分

英语自学网

　　作文部分
        　　四、六级改革后，作文是惟一不会也不可能改动的部分，其出题方式会基本沿袭以往稳健、成熟的出题风格。本文中，笔者将给大家讲述作文应试的战略性理论以及得分技巧即战术操作。
        　　博弈
        　　写作考试就好像一次“博弈”。在写作考试中，考生是真正拥有最多信息的人，考官仅仅只能被动地接受你所给的信息。所以，作文中遣词造句时请切记两点：一、“不会说的”处理;二、经典句的应用
        　　得分技巧分析
        　　四、六级作文在准备和对策上基本一致，因为两者评分标准基本一致(除了字数上的差距：四级120词、六级150词)。英语考试的作文大多可分为：1、正反论证;2、原因现象描述类;3、图表;4、名言谚语。所谓的书信作文，无非就是在这四类的基础上，套用信件的格式而已。
        　　作文得分技巧总结：
        　　1、 卷面整洁，书写清楚
        　　2、 构思简单，少犯错误
        　　3、 中心突出，层次分明
        　　4、 固定经典，名言注目
        　　5、 重在变化，宁简勿滥
        　　下面就对以上5点在应试作文中的应用展开具体说明：
        　　第一、 卷面整洁，书写清楚。
由于写作属于主观题型，故考官将依据主观印象进行评判。卷面的好坏将在第一时间冲击考官对你作文的印象。所以，建议各位考生先想清楚后动笔，减少涂改几率，让考官能清楚无误地看清你答卷的内容。另外，新的四、六级考试中会有部分考区的试卷被扫描至电脑，这些考区的考官将会在电脑前批阅作文，因此考生们最好使用黑色水笔做答，以保证扫描效果。
        　　写作的格式有两种：齐头式(full block form)和缩进式(indented
form)。采用齐头式，要求所有段落的首行都在左边顶格，段落中间空行。缩进式要求每段首行缩进4~5个字母。
        　　第二、 构思简单，少犯错误。 请大家一定记住，作文只在考核他们的语言表达能力。避免犯错误。
        　　(思维。标点，时态一致，单复数，结构。6分原则。写完后的检查)
        　　第三、 中心突出，层次分明。 从近几年的四级考试作文看来，尽管实用性提高了，但行文大多可以套用“中心句+1、2、3”模式。即每段第一句是topic
sentence，改编自该段相对应的提纲，后面的1、2、3是衔接词，每个1、2、3后接分支观点。这种表达，中心突出，层次分明，同时也节省了考生构思结构的麻烦。衔接词是文章逻辑关系的体现，所以不妨尽可能多的使用。比如，“起”的过渡词：nowadays,
at present, first of all, firstly;“承”的过渡词：second, besides, moreover,
furthermore, obviously, in addition, in other words;“转”的过渡词：however, on the
other hand, but, instead, conversely;“合”的过渡词：therefore, so, as a result, in
short, in brief, in a word, in conclusion。
        　　以下为2006年6月新四级作文题及其范文。划线部分与斜体部分则体现了第三点所讲的全部内容。提纲如下：
        　　1、有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课老师
        　　2、学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素是……
        　　3、学生自选任课老师的益处及可能产生的问题
        　　Nowadays, there is a general discussion today about the issue of some
changes on campus. Particularly, students in universities have optional choices
on their teachers.
        　　A number of factors are responsible for decisions in choosing teachers. For
one thing, the character of a lecturer plays a significant role in this issue,
which means the teacher should meet the learners’ taste. For another thing,
opinions from other students are likely to bring effects on the decision. In
other words, we are possibly influenced by negative or positive words from
others.
        　　Obviously, there is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of
this matter. On the one hand, students are treated better than before. On the
other hand, some top teachers will be ignored, if they are not able to please
the market. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the
conclusion that further attention will be paid to this matter.
        　　第四、
固定经典，名言注目。经典句和名言往往都比较容易引人注目，如果能在文中使用，也比较容易让改卷人为之一振。为了获得经典的使用效果，建议考生们在平时的写作练习中注意积累，并且每个话题背下几句。质量良好的句子一般应该用在文章的开头结尾，或每段的开头，这样才能让别人清楚明白地看到。比如，用于文章开头的句子：
        　　1、 When it comes to …, people’s opinions differ.
        　　2、 There is a public discussion today about ……
        　　3、 There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of
        　　用于文章结尾的句子：
        　　1、 it is high time that we take measures to …
        　　2、 judging from all evidence offered, we may safely come to the conclusion
that …
        　　3、 all the evidence points to the fact that …
        　　4、 It is essential that effective measures should be taken to control this
situation.
        　　用于阐释原因的句子：
        　　1、 Some reasons are responsible for this.
        　　2、 There are lots of reasons for the dramatic growth/decrease. First, …
Second, … Finally, …
        　　3、 The phenomenon/change in … mainly results from the fact that …
        　　4、 One may regard the phenomenon as a sign of …
        　　第五、 重在变化，宁简勿滥。
作文考试评卷中，大多采用加分原则。“难词长句”不是加分的必然。关键在于变化，变化不分难易，只要有变化就行。变化分为，词的变化和句的变化。在用词上，同一文章中相同意义的词要争取不断地用近意词替换，以显文章用词灵活。(换词和短语)在用句上，不一定要用大的从句，主要避免相邻句子句式太多的一致。(变句模式)
        　　更多信息请访问：
        　　(1) 描写图表反映的问题
        　　(2) 你认为最近几年中国离婚率高的原因是什么。
            
            

entwo

        　　Rising Divorce Rates in China
        　　There is a general discussion today about the issue of the divorce rate. As
can be seen from the chart, great changes have been taking place. Obviously,
China has experienced a dramatic increase in the divorce rate in the previous
thirty years.
        　　Some reasons are responsible for this. To begin with, legal changes have
simplified divorce procedures, and removed barriers to divorce. In addition, the
changes in personal economic activities also facilitate the divorce. Both of the
couple can live on their own instead of depending on their partners. In other
words, they can make the decision easily, when they would like to break up the
marriage. Finally, a significant change can be found in social attitude towards
the divorced persons. The discrimination to those divorced people has almost
been wiped out.
        　　Generally speaking, it is high time that we place great emphasis on this
issue. That is to say, further attention is to be paid to this issue. Obviously,
it is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent this
trend.
        　　图表的实质和原因现象一样：
        　　2006年6月的六级作文Traveling Abroad是一篇图表类文章，在出题方式上基本沿袭是走稳健、成熟的出题风格。
        　　一、题目评析
        　　本次作文的提纲如下：
        　　1、 近十年来某城市越来越多人选择出去旅游
        　　2、 出现这种现象的原因
        　　3、 这种现象可能产生的影响
        　　尽管它是以图表的形式出现，但就其实质来说，原因现象类文章和图表的写法一致。从近几年的考试作文看来，行文大多可以套用“中心句+1、2、3”模式。即，每段第一句是Topic
sentence，改编自该段相对应的提纲，后面的1、2、3是链接词，每个1、2、3后接分支观点。这种表达，中心突出，层次分明，同时也节省了考生构思结构的麻烦。
        　　本文的提纲可以理解为:
        　　第一段、 近十年来越来越多的人选择出去旅游
        　　第二段、 有很多原因说明此现象。First, … Second, … Third, …
        　　第三段、 这种现象所造成的影响如下。First, … Second, … Third, …
        　　另外，值得注意的是，在图表作文中，第一段，也就是对图表描述的这一段，应该只描述图表的大致趋势变化，避免用过多文字对图表进行细节描述。
        　　二、原则应用和高分示范
        　　There is a general discussion today about the issue of traveling abroad. As
can be seen from the bar chart, great changes have been taking place in the
recent years. Obviously, an increasing number of people are likely to go
abroad.
        　　A number of factors are responsible for this. For one thing, they are
better-off than before, which means people stand more chances of going out. For
another, traveling abroad, in some persons’ views, partly shows that they are
superior to those at home. In addition, citizens in that city are easily
encouraged by the overwhelming advertisements in TV shows and news papers to go
traveling. Therefore, persons in growing numbers have ever been abroad.
        　　From what has been discussed abroad, we may safely draw the conclusion that
it brings win-win effects on people’s life. On the one hand, trips abroad may
widen their horizons. In other words, people have more opportunities to touch
various fields, and learn something new. On the other hand, touring does provide
chances of posts or business. To sum up, there is little doubt that further
attention will be paid to this issue.
        　　更多信息请访问：
        　　六级全真题目补充
        　　06 年6月 Traveling Abroad (Bar Chart)
        　　4、 近十年来某城市越来越多人选择出去旅游
        　　5、 出现这种现象的原因
        　　6、 这种现象可能产生的影响
        　　05年6月
        　　For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled “On
Piracy” of no less than 150 words. You may base your writing on the following
outline:
        　　1.目前盗版的现象比较严重。
        　　2.造成这种现象的原因及危害
        　　3.我们应该怎么做
        　　Useful words and expressions
        　　盗版piracy (n)
        　　盗版产品pirated products
        　　知识产权intellectual products
        　　侵犯版权infringe sb’s copyright, copyright infringement
        　　05年1月
        　　Your Help Needed
        　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an open
letter on behalf of the student union asking people to give help to a student
who is seriously ill. You should write at least 150 words following the outline
given below:
        　　1，对病人的简单介绍：目前的病情和家庭情况