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发表于 2016-7-9 19:16:36
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动词短语的被动语态
take care of照看
→be taken care of
cut down砍倒
→be cut down
laugh at嘲笑
→be laughed at
look after照料
→be looked after
必背!
被动语态的动词短语
以下这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式,不需再加“by”。
be covered with 用……覆盖着
be surprised at 对……感到惊奇
be known to 出名
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be made of(from) 用……制造的
主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况
学了被动语态,有些同学认为主动句和被动句可以随便换用,没什么差别,这是一个错觉,在一般情况下主动句比被动句用得多。同时,要注意有些情况下是不能变为被动语态的。
动词的变化
动词通常有下述的五种变化形态,以use 为例:
原形→ use
第三人称单数现在式→ uses
过去式→ used
过去分词→ used
现在分词→ using
1.当宾语是反身代词时
The man introduced himself as Mr. Parker.
那个人自我介绍说他是帕克。
I found myself in the park.
我不知不觉地来到公园里。
2.当谓语是表状态的及物动词时
Does the pair of new shoes suit you?
那双新鞋你穿着合适吗?
We will have a meeting.
↓
(×)A meeting will be had.
(~)A meeting will be held.
被动语态与系表结构的区别
“be +过去分词”可能是系表结构,也可能是被动语态,其主要区别是:被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作,而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。
The letter was written yesterday.(动作)
信是昨天写的。
The letter is written in English.(状态)
这信是用英文写的。
The store is closed at five.(动作)
这个商店五点钟关门。
The store is closed today.(状态)
这个商店今天不开门。
注意
为了明确地表示该被动语态是表示动作的,可用get来代替be动词。
My bike got(代替was)stolen.
我的自行车被偷了。
(广州06) As usual, Meihua ________ at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get ready for school.
A. has woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. was woken up
(06) We should water the young trees every two days.
The young trees should be watered by us every two days.
2、 含有介词的短语动词的被动用法;
(广州05) A neighbour helped to keep our dog. It ______ while we were on holiday.
A. was taken care B. took care of C. is taken care of D. was taken care of
学生易错点
典型错题一: (01广州市中考题)
The man who lived alone on the island thought he ____ never be ______.
A. will, find B. would, be found C. is, found D. had, been found
原因分析:学生受thought的影响,认为"没有被人发现"是在宾语从句结构中,因此时态应该为过去完成时态D,但是此题应该是一个对于语境的考查题,the man过去独自一人居住在岛上,因此"过去的过去"没有被人发现是事实,但是句中never的隐含着"永远不"的意思,语义上更倾向于"过去的将来",故而答案应该为B。
典型错题二:(02广州市中考题)
Don't worry. All the children _______ by the nurses.
A. are well taken care of B. take good care of
C. are taken good care D. take good care
原因分析:学生想当然地认为短语take care of 中可以用形容词good修饰名词care的情况是唯一正确的形式,没有意识到在动词+介词/ 副词结构中,介词或副词是不可以随意丢弃的,再者,短语take care of本身可以看作一个动词结构,副词well修饰动词的用法也是正确的。因此答案只能是A。
典型错题三:
Can you tell me whom the play _____ in 2003?
A. is written B. was written C. is written by D. was written by
原因分析:学生看到了四个选项就已经很明确地知道了考查被动语态结构,接着看到题干中的in 2003就已经乐开了,而忽视了题干中whom的存在,误选了答案B。正确答案为D。
典型错题四:区别本身只具有主动意义的词(近五年未出现在广州市中考试题中);
Can you tell me ___________?
A. when did it happen B. when it happened
C. when was it happened D. when it was happened
原因分析:学生误以为happen是及物动词而选择D,正确答案为B。
(编辑:何莹莹) |
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