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发表于 2016-7-10 10:37:50
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用于预测未来经济贸易发展趋势的词汇主要有:forecast, project, anticipate, expect, hope, etc.
对未来的经济与贸易政策和发展趋势所作出的预测,通常有如下三种形式:1) 肯定的(certain);2) 可能性比较大的(probable);3)
只有一般可能性的(possible)。
1. 表示通货膨胀肯定要上升时的表达方式:
Inflation will / is bound to / is certain to / is about to / will certainly
/ will surely / will definitely / will no doubt increase.
(It is certain that inflation will increase.)
2. 表示通货膨胀很有可能要上升的表达方式:
Inflation is likely to / should / would / will probably increase.
(It is probable that inflation will increase.)
3. 表示通货膨胀只是一般有可能上升的表达方式:
Inflation may / will possibly / might / could increase.
(It is possible that inflation will increase.)
西方报刊中,表示经济贸易状况及预测未来发展趋势的词汇很多,除以上提到的动词机构外,还有名词、形容词。另外,掌握固定的前置词结构,对准确把握和理解经济贸易发展变化的程度也很有帮助。
常与百分比搭配使用的固定前置词有:
to grow / to fall / to increase / to rise / to cut / to go down / to drop
by 5%
to run at a rate of 5%
to slow down from 10% to 5%
to increase from a 5% average to a 6% average
与时间、地点一同搭配的前置词结构有:
in the last decade
over the past ten years
between 1996 and 2006s
between 2004-2006
during the last decade
in 2006
in 2005-2006
since 2000
before the end of the year / decade / century
the the year 2006
in USA
in Europe
句子段落的衔接
英美经济贸易报刊文章与其他类型报刊文章除在所涉及的内容和专业词汇上有所不同之外,在句子与段落的连接方法上基本一致。其连接手段可主要归纳为以下四种:上下文句子间内容的内在联系;替代;省略和采用连接词。
1. 上下文句子间内容的内在联系:
例:So far, the national trends in costs for wages, salaries, and benefits
have glossed over these concerns. The growth in labor costs continued to slow in
the second quarter – a pattern that held true in all major regions. However, the
slowdown in labor costs is due to solely to sharp cutbacks in what companies,
mainly large corporations, are paying for benefits, which make up about a fourth
of total compensation costs nationally. Because of slower growth in costs of
health care, workers' compensation, and state unemployment insurance, benefits
grew only 2.6% during the past year, the lowest pace in record.
在这一段落中,作者用了五个cost。虽然每一句中的cost未必是前一句中同一词的简单重复,但都与labor cost
相吻合,使整个段落所表达的内容连贯地表述出来。第一句和第二句提出劳工费用问题,第三句提出原因,最后一句阐述了劳工费用增加所生产的后果,意思层层加深,彼此相衔接。
2. 替代
例:But since few have marked down their own prices in line with the metal's
fall, they will be able to recoup much of the differences. Not so the producers,
whose income is directly related to the fluctuating daily price on the London
Metal Exchange.
但由于迄今没有几家公司按照金属价格的下跌程度来降低其价格,他们将能够获得差价的大部分收益。但是生产商家却不是这样,他们的收入与伦敦金属交易所的每月浮动价格直接相关。
这里so代替了to recoup much of the difference.
3. 省略
例:The Japanese have their electronics, the Germans their engineering. But
when it comes to command of global markets, the U.S. owns the service
sector.
日本人占有电器市场,德国人占有工程市场。但谈及全球市场的占有量时,美国拥有服务市场。
第一句the Germans后面省略了have一词。
例:Meanwhile, pressure has been growing from the car companies. GM ships
about 60% of its cars and trucks with Ryder, while Chrysler ships some 40%.
与此同时,汽车公司方面的压力在不断增大。通用公司60%的轿车和卡车由莱德公司拖运,而克莱斯勒公司也需该公司拖运其40%的车辆。
最后一句结尾some 40% 后面省略了of its cars and trucks.
4. 连接词
介词和副词常在句子和段落间起衔接作用,把句子和段落间的意思连贯地表述出来。西方经贸报刊中用于承上启下的连接词可表示对比,如:but, however,
whereas等;表示原因,如:since, because, due to等;表示结果,如:with;表示目的,如:so that, in order
to等;表示时间发展的先后顺序,如:first, second, next, then等,以及表示情况的内在联系,如:and, as well as, in
the case等。
例:Still, August's strong output gains don't look sustainable.First of all,
current modest demand growth will not support any more increase that large.
Second, now that manufacturers have worked to get their inventories lower, they
will be cautious about adding goods in coming months.
而8月份强劲的生产量增长趋势不会持续下去。首先,目前较小的需求增长不需要如此大的生产增长额。此外,既然生产企业已经设法去压低其库存量,所以他们对今后几个月增加生产一事持谨慎态度。 |
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