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中英两种语言的结构有很大不同，词序便是其中一种。例如英语单数人称代名词(singular personal pronouns)的秩序是：You and
I; he and I; you, he and I.You常常居前;I则殿后。复数人称代词(plural personal pronouns)的位置是：We
and you; you and they; we, you and they.We常常在最前;they在最后。
后面这词序和中文的一样，但前面那种排列，却和中文的不同： “我和你;我和他;我，你，他”。我常在前;他常在后。
简简单单的人称代词的秩序，就有这么大的差别，其他更复杂的结构之间的差异，可想而知了。
现在试再举些其他词序的差异，以飨读者。 ① 要分清敌我→We must distinguish between ourselves and the
enemy. ② 男女老少→men and women, young and old ③ 发展钢铁工业→develop the iron and steel
industry
此外，中英文并列的词语有轻重之分。中文往往把重的词放在前，把分量较轻的摆在后;英语则恰恰相反：轻者在前，重者在后。例如： ④
无地和少地的农民→Those peasants who have little or no land…… ⑤ 救死扶伤→Heal the wounded and
rescue the dying. (扶也可译为“support”或“assist”) ⑥ 使人民经济有所增长，有所补充→We must help the
people to supplement and expand their economy.
上述中英词序的差异，稍微不察，便会出错，在各别使用中文式英语时，难免感到句式不自然，不舒畅;因此要多多留意。
其实，不谈两种不同语言的词序，就英语来说，词序(word order)也是运用上的错误之一，只是不比其他几种常见错误普遍罢了。
⒈频率副词(adverbs of frequency)，如：
⑦a. Jim always is happy.
b. Jim is always happy.
⒉倒装句(inverted constructions)，如：
⑧a. Only by working hard you can become useful to the country.
b. Only by working hard can you become useful to the country.
⑨a. Seldom I have seen such an irrational person.
b. Seldom have I seen such an irrational person.
⑩a. Under no circumstances we will help those not wishing to help
themselves.
b. Under no circumstances will we help those not wishing to help
themselves.
⒊可分开的片语动词宾语(objects of separable phrasal verbs)，如：
11a. - Take off your hat, please!
Take off it now !
b. - O.K. Let me take it off straight away.
⑦a-11a的词序都错;⑦b-11b的才对。 |
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发表于 2016-7-9 17:41:17