【美国人物志】曼哈顿计划的领导者：奥本海默和费米 (4/10)

英语自学网

罗伯特•奥本海默（J. Robert Oppenheimer，1904年4月22日—1967年2月18日），美国犹太人物理学家，曼哈顿计划的主要领导者之一，被誉为“原子弹之父”。
恩里科•费米（意大利语：Enrico Fermi，1901年9月29日－1954年11月28日），美籍意大利裔物理学家，1938年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者。他被称为现代物理学的最后一位通才，对理论物理学和实验物理学均做出了重大贡献。他是量子力学和量子场论的创立者之一。他首创了弱相互作用（β衰变）的费米理论，负责设计建造了世界首座自持续链式裂变核反应堆。他还是曼哈顿计划的主要领导者。以他的名字命名的有费米黄金定则、费米-狄拉克统计、费米子、费米面、费米液体及费米常数等等。
Hints:
Institute of Advanced Studies
Princeton University
Mister Oppenheimer
Atomic Energy Commission
the Soviet Union
TrumanOne year after the bombs were dropped on Japan, he received the Presidential Medal of Merit for his work. In 1947, he began to direct the Institute of Advanced Studies at Princeton University on the East Coast.
At the same time, Mister Oppenheimer became chairman of the advisory committee to the United States Atomic Energy Commission. He used the position to try to make the public recognize the dangers of nuclear power as well as its possibilities for good.
He regretted that work was being done to develop the hydrogen bomb. He felt it was bad for both scientific and humanitarian reasons. However, extreme tension existed between the United States and the Soviet Union at the time. So in 1949 President Truman decided that work on nuclear weapons should continue.