华盛顿机能障碍带来沉重代价

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概述:华盛顿自造危机毁坏国际信誉，影响就业和消费，拉大贫富差距。
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Congress
Nobel Laureate
Robert Shiller
University of California
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Thousands of federal employees are back to work. Investors who bet Congress would not allow the U.S. to default -- took their profits. And businesses hurt by the shutdown welcomed back their customers.
But Nobel Laureate Robert Shiller says harder to quantify is how much the Washington-manufactured crisis has damaged international trust.
More worrisome, says Shiller, is the impact of Washington's dysfunction on the middle class. For example its failure to pass a jobs program.
He's proposing steps to narrow the rapidly increasing gap between rich and poor. Recent studies by the University of California show income for the richest 1% has risen more than 31% since 2009 -- while incomes for the other 99% grew less than 1%.
"We ought to be able to reach an agreement, let's define an inequality level that's much worse than today and let's say -- we're gonna draw the line there, we're not gonna let it get any worse and how do we stop that? Well it has to be some form of taxation of the rich."
It's a controversial proposal that would likely face strong opposition from conservatives in Congress.
Shiller says the same ideological divide that caused the shutdown will further erode trust in the U.S. economy -- and potentially hasten the end of the dollar as the world's reserve currency.
That status means the dollar is held in large quantities by foreign governments to facilitate trade and currency exchange. It makes the dollar more desirable to foreign investors and allows the U.S. to borrow at lower costs.
"Well, we're in danger of losing the status even if it doesn't continue. The euro is becoming a more important currency. The nations of the world don't view it as their ultimate objective to be holding dollars. "数以千计的联邦雇员重回工作岗位。那些打赌认为国会不会允许美国违约的投资者们得以从中获利。因政府关门而蒙受损失的企业也迎回了他们的客户。
但是，诺贝尔奖得主罗伯特·希勒表示，华盛顿制造的这场危机对国际信誉造成的损害更是难以量化。
希勒说，更令人忧心的是华盛顿机能障碍对中产阶级的影响。例如，华盛顿未能通过一项就业计划。
他提出了几项举措，以缩小正在迅速增大的贫富差距。最近，加利福尼亚大学的一项研究表明,自2009年来占1%的最富有的人群的收入增幅超过31%,而剩余99%人群收入的增幅则不足1%。
“我们应当达成共识，确定一个比今天更糟的贫富差距标准，让我们划一个底线，不能让情况变得比那还要糟糕。我们如何才能阻止情况恶化？这需要制定一些针对富人的征税形式。”
这是一个有争议的提议，极有可能遭到国会保守党派的强烈反对。
希勒说，引起政府关门的意识分歧问题同样也会进一步侵蚀美国经济的信誉，并且将潜在地加速终结美元的世界储备货币地位。
世界储备货币的地位意味着外国政府为了促进贸易和货币兑换而储备了大量的美元。这使得美元对外国投资者来说更具吸引力，而美国政府也能以更低的利率借入资金。
“即使这种情况不会持续下去，我们也很有可能失去这个地位。欧元正逐渐成为一种更为重要的货币。世界各国并不认为持有美元是他们的最终目的。”