【BBC英国史】中古时期英国42

英语自学网

Dynasty（1087~1216）
        1066年之后，Angevin王朝征服了，Schama（作者）说“征服所迎得的是混乱、屠杀、饥荒、勒索”。留在英国人心里的是亨利2世，那个建立了延续到今日的法律体制和城市服务的男人。尽管被人们记忆最深的是他谋杀了最powerful的烈士Thomas Becket。在亨利的四个儿子中，两个当了国王。其中Richard对他的父亲宣战并在十字军东征中被捕，而John的失败则是被他的男爵鼓动印刷了Magna Carta。

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        ❤ HINTS:
        John

        Normandy
        Angevin
         
        英式拼法，以音频内容为准
It was as a politician that John was most obviously a wretched failure. Under his father, the empire had been sustained by a shrewd combination of charisma and feudal loyalty. John's problem was his difficulty in believing that anyone would ever be more than a fair-weather friend. So he relied on blackmail and extortion, threats to the barons rather than promises. Assuming disloyalty, he ended up guaranteeing it. So when John needed the barons most, when Normandy was threatened by the French King, they weren't there for him. The result was a catastrophic defeat. The loss of Normandy ripped the heart out of Angevin power.作为政治家来说，再也没有比约翰更加一败涂地的了。其父在位时，这个国家维系于君主的号召力和对封建制度的忠诚，两者间的巧妙结合。约翰的问题在于不信任别人，总是认为别人不过是酒肉之交。对待贵族，他只崇尚敲诈勒索和胁迫，宁我负天下人，莫让天下人负我。结果却事与愿违，当诺曼底受到法王威胁，约翰最需要他们的紧要关头。贵族们却没有伸出援手，最终导致了灾难性的失败，痛失诺曼底令安茹王朝元气大伤。