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英语语法精讲:名词修饰语的排列秩序

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发表于 2016-7-9 17:41:13 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  在英语句子里,几个修饰语叠用的时候,有一定的排列秩序。修饰语在句子中的位置错了,或排列乱了,便有麻烦,甚至意思也会因此改变,有时连语气也不通畅。
          通常几个修饰语在名词之前出现时,它们的秩序应该这样排列:
          首先是限定词(determiner),如“the, my, this”等。接着是所有格(possessive case),如“man's,
children's, John's” 等。第三是序数(ordinal)如“first, next, last”等。第四是数目(number),如“many,
several, ten”等。第五是性质形容词( adjective of quality),如“interesting, beautiful, gloomy”
等。第六是形状,(size, shape, length)如“little, round, long”等。第七是颜色(colour), 如“red,
black, white”等。第八是国家(nation),如“French, Indian,
Singapore”等。第九是属性名词(即充当修饰语的名词,attributive noun),如“ history, oil, silk”等。
          现在举几个例子给大家参考。
          ① For such an occasion, you need a red silk shirt.
          ② John's office is equipped with some new white steel furniture.
          ③ My friend's restaurant serves delicious red French wine.
          ④ The lecturer's first long public speech was a real success.
          ⑤ There are some comfortable round black chairs in the living room.
          ⑥ The artist's first three expensive long blue Chinese oil paintings have
been stolen.
          由此可见,英语的几个修饰语,必须顺序排列,以便同时修饰后头的名词。
          有些人对上述修饰语的排列秩序没有明确的概念,结果句子虽然合语法,但读来不顺口。例如⑦a和⑦b都合语法,但前者有问题,后者没有:
          ⑦a My teacher is a Chinese story well-known writer.
          ⑦b My teacher is a well-known Chinese story writer.
          不同词类的修饰语如此,同词类的修饰语也如此。例如我们常常习惯一连用几个性质形容词来修饰同一个名词。这个时候,每个形容词便要重音读出,每读一个便要稍微停顿一下。书面语则用逗号表示。这些性质形容词之间没有什么严格的秩序问题,不过习惯上,长的或音节多的形容词,最好排在后头,如:
          ⑧ This is a dull, difficult and badly-organised essay.
          ⑨ Yesterday was a windy, stormy and impleasant day.
          此外,词义较重要的修饰语,也较后才出现,如:
          ⑩ That person's destiny is bad and tragic.
          11. I loathe people who are unfriendly, unhelpful and hypocritical.
          12. Good language teachers are able to make lessons easy, enjoyable and
effective.
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