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英语语法精讲:寻常时态的不寻常用法

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发表于 2016-7-9 17:41:12 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  一般人对英语里基本时态的意义和用法都没有什么问题,但是未必每个人都对某些寻常时态的特殊用法有足够的体会。
          请看下面这三种情形:
          Ⅰ 现在简单时态
          ⒈现在简单时态可以用来表示未来的动作或活动,但这活动必须事先已有计划,如:
          ● The plane to Hawaii leaves at 10 tonight.
          ● The British Prime Minister arrives at 8 tomorrow morning.
          这样的不寻常时态里的动词通常只限于“来”和“往”之类的活动,不是任何动词都适用。
          ⒉现在简单时态也可用来取代时间副词分句(adverb clauses of time)或条件副词分句(adverb clauses of
condition)中的现在未来时态,如:
          ● Let's wait until all the guests come.
          ● If it rains tomorrow, we can't go fishing.
          理论上可以说“until all the guests will come”和“if it will rain
tomorrow”,但实际句子里,并不如此。
          ⒊现在简单时态有时可以用来代替现在过去时态,使所叙述的事物更现实、更灵活,如:
          ● Alexander Pope says, “A little learning is a dangerous thing.”
          ● The Chinese proverb has it, “God helps those who help themselves.”
          只有在特殊情况下,才用这种时态;否则,过去的事, 只好用过去时态,比较妥当。
          Ⅱ 现在进行时态
          ⒈现在进行时态可以用来表示未来的节目或已策划的活动,如:
          ● They are going downtown this afternoon.
          ● I am seeing an old friend tonight.
          ⒉现在进行时态,也和副词“always, continually, constantly”等连用以表示不断重复的举动,言下有不胜其烦之感,如:
          ● Janet is always complaining.
          ● Why are you continually finding fault with our new system?
          ● Strange! The weather here is constantly changing.
          Ⅲ 过去简单时态
          ⒈过去简单时态可用来表示目前不易实现的假设或愿望,如:
          ● lf I were you, I would join that activity.
          ● I wish I had better luck next time.
          ⒉过去简单时态也可以用来代替现在简单时态,以表示礼貌,如:
          ● Could you tell me how to go to the library?
          ● I would appreciate it if you could help me.
          ● Would you mind lending me your pen for a while?
          上述寻常时态的不寻常用法,如果用得恰当,肯定可以增添英语的灵活性。
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