金融危机时刻的欧美央行

英语自学网

本文从历史角度阐述央行的决策失误将会造成多大危害。
Hints:
Mark Carney
Neil Irwin
        "The Alchemists"
        Weimar Germany
Great Depression
Nazis
World War II
        口误地方不需重复听写
       

        主持：shenyubin  
        校对：dramatic150
翻译&注解：cjsfight
答疑：赤_月
口语点评：Mornight
口语节目链接：http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/2120/item/780833/
The central bankers of Europe and North America have become global celebrities in recent years. This as governments have bestowed ever greater powers on their shoulders in an attempt no doubt to distance themselves from the ever tougher economic decisions required in this age of crisis. Canada's former central bank chief Mark Carney takes over in London in just three weeks' time, promising initiatives at the Bank of England not just to control inflation, but to promote growth as well. That's traditionally the job of the politicians in Britain. So what are these new interventionists' role? One we've already seen at the Federal Reserve and the ECB. Journalist Neil Irwin has been reflecting on this in his recent book which he calls "The Alchemists". When I met him, he began by recalling the historical failures of central bankers going back to Germany in the 1920s where the decision to print money went disastrously wrong.
"In Weimar Germany, there was the hyper-inflation that can be traced directly to the central bank of the day that was printing money by the trillions and trillions of marks, trying to fund the government and keep the economy afloat. The result was you needed a wheelbarrow to go to the shop and buy your groceries. Then a few years later, of course, the Great Depression which is fundamentally a failure by the global central bankers. The result, of course, was double-digit unemployment in all of Europe and the US, and the rise of the Nazis in World War II. All these terrible things that ultimately came about because central bankers didn't know how to do their jobs effectively."近年来，北美和欧洲中央银行家们成为了世界名人。这是由于政府赋予他们更多的权力，无疑是让他们试图避开经济危机条件下要求越来越残酷的经济决策。三周后加拿大前中央银行行长马克·卡尔尼将在伦敦就职，允诺将在英格兰银行采取措施，在控制通胀的同时促进经济增长。这原本是英国政客们的职责。那么这些新干涉主义者的角色又是什么呢？美联储和欧洲央行已经执行过这一职能。记者尼尔·埃尔文在他的新书中将这些人称作炼金术士。我见到他时，他先提到了中央银行家们历史上的失败，上世纪20年代在德国实施印刷纸币的政策是灾难性的错误。
“魏玛德国的恶性通货膨胀直接源起于中央银行数万亿马克的印刷，想借此给政府筹集资金，保持经济平稳。但结果是你要推个独轮车去商店买杂物。几年后，大萧条基本上也是全球央行家们的败笔。结果就是，在欧洲和美国，失业率高达两位数，导致了二战中纳粹分子的崛起。所有这些可怕的最终发生的事情，都因为中央银行家们不知道如何作为。”