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概述：从四十年前的不敢想象到如今飞行员们成功的离地飞行，宇宙探索经历着翻天覆地的变化。
Hints:
Chris Hadfield
NASA
Gerald Carr
Skylab 4
Owen Garriott
Skylab 3
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Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield, who recently wrapped up nearly five months on the international space station, clearly adjusted to life away from Earth.
But only four decades ago, scientists didn't know if humans could adapt to long-duration spaceflight.
NASA attempted to answer that with its unmanned Skylab module launched into Earth orbit in May 1973. During its year-long operation, three teams of astronauts visited the outpost for missions ranging from 28 to 84 days, learning how people react to extended periods in space.
Gerald Carr commanded Skylab 4. He appeared on a NASA panel for the 40th anniversary of the launch, and said muscle atrophy was a major concern.
"What we learned was that simple exercise takes care of the problem, and there's no reason why a person can't stay in a weightless environment for a long, long time."
The astronauts conducted experiments in microgravity. And Skylab served as a solar observatory, a pioneering platform to study Earth and a fun place to work.
That is Skylab's legacy, says Owen Garriott, the science pilot of Skylab 3.
"40 years out, I think we're still impressed with the amount of work that was accomplished and the foresight of the investigators in planning the experiments."加拿大宇航员Chris Hadfield刚刚结束了在国际空间站中为时五个月的生活。显然，他已经适应了远离地球的生活。
然而短短的四十年前，科学家们不知道人类是否能够适应长时间的宇宙飞行。
为了解答这个疑问，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局（NASA）曾在1973将无人太空实验室的太空舱发射进了地球轨道。在这座空间站为期一年的运行过程中，有三组宇航员执行了在太空基地中停留28至84天不等的任务，从而了解人类在太空中停留更长时间后会有怎样的反应。
太空实验室4号的总指挥Gerald Carr出席了NASA为纪念太空实验室项目启动40周年所举办的小组讨论。他说肌肉萎缩是困扰宇航员的一大问题。
“我们发现简单的锻炼就能够解决这个问题。没有任何理由说明人类不能在失重的环境中长时间停留。”
宇航员们在微重力环境下进行试验，而太空实验室也成为了一座太阳天文台、一个研究地球的开创性的平台，以及一个有趣的工作地点。
太空实验室3号的科学领航员Owen Garriott说，这正是太空实验室计划留给人们的财富。
“四十年过去了，这个项目所完成的大量的工作及筹划实验的研究员们的远见依然让我们感到印象深刻。” |
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发表于 2016-8-2 13:24:05