劳力迁移 路在何方

英语自学网

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中国的劳动力从农村迁移到城市的进程可能即将达到临界点。
Hints:
Shanxi Province
Kam Wing Chan
University of Washington
1′15″处口误只写一遍
主持：shenyubin
校对：cryforwhat
翻译&注解：cjsfight
答疑：赤_月
口语点评：Mornight
口语节目链接：http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/2120/item/701519/The poverty I saw in rural Shanxi Province is a huge challenge for the Chinese authorities which say they want to tackle inequality. But China's vast army of rural peasants has been the force that has driven the country's economic transformation. Kam Wing Chan is the professor of geography at the University of Washington. He's an expert in the incredible migration out of the Chinese countryside. And he believes China is reaching a tipping point, where labour is going to start becoming increasingly scarce, which is gonna have a profound effect not just in China but on the world.
"If you think about this notion of China being the world's factory, this is all because of the cheap labour. And cheap labour in China comes almost totally from the migrant labour. So you can see that it is crucial to the Chinese success in the last three decades."
"I mean the scale of migration in China has been absolutely enormous, hasn't it?"
"Very much so."
"And how big is it? Some people describe it as the biggest migration in the history of mankind. Is that big enough?"
"It's interesting because I cannot quibble on this at one point. I mean, if you look at the figure, look at how many people have migrated from the countryside to the city, it is definitely enormous, like I... we're talking about currently somewhere around very close to about 200 million migrants in the cities."中国政府一直说要解决社会不平等问题，而我在山西省的农村所见的贫穷对当政应该是一个不小的难题。但是中国农民工大军却是推动中国经济转型的主力。陈金勇是华盛顿大学的地理学教授，对于中国农村不可思议的人口流动颇有研究。他认为中国社会的转折点就要到了，劳动力将会变得稀有起来，这将会对中国乃至世界产生深远影响。
“中国作为世界工厂这么件事，都是因为廉价劳动力的存在。中国的廉价劳动力基本都来自于流动劳动人口。所以这对30年来中国的成功有着重大意义。”
“那么是说中国的流动人口规模是相当大的，对吧？”
“当然。”
“那么有多庞大？有些人说这是人类历史上最大的移民，这种形容够吗？”
“这很有意思，因为我不能单方面形容这件事。我是说，看一下数字，看看有多少人从农村转移到城市，那真是非常庞大的。我们所讨论的是在城市中的2亿流动人口啊。”