以史为鉴看欧洲债务问题

英语自学网

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欧元区领导人在布鲁塞尔峰会称获得突破；专家回顾二战后的马歇尔计划对德国经济的影响。
Hints:
Brussels
Business Daily
Marshall Plan
Albrecht Ritschl
Economic History at the London School of Economics
主持：dramatic150
校对：cryforwhat
翻译&注释：cjsfight
答疑：shenyubinEurozone leaders have claimed a breakthrough at their summit in Brussels. There's been an agreement on using the eurozone's bailout fund to support struggling banks directly and to create a zone-wide supervisory body for banks.
Now we're not pessimists here at Business Daily and no doubt these will prove substantial developments. But history suggests that the path leading Europe back to prosperity will not be smooth. We've been looking back at the greatest trauma Europe has ever suffered - the Second World War and the efforts to promote recovery after that terrible conflict. The key was the Marshall Plan - America's huge aid programme. But what is often forgotten is that at the heart of the plan was a strategy for dealing with the vast debts that the vanquished nations of Europe had run up - most particularly, those of Germany. Here's Albrecht Ritschl, professor of Economic History at the London School of Economics.
"Right after 1945, I asked the chances, of what exactly is the debt's status and what is going to happen. You see lots of letters arriving from all over Europe about what is actually going to happen to these German debts. And the German officials wiped background. To our knowledge, there is no intention of repaying these debts. The next step then actually was the Marshall Plan itself in 1947. Every recipient country of Marshall Plan had to sign a waiver. And this waiver said that all Marshall aid, all Marshall Plan credits to Germany will be what is technical the first charge on Germany.在布鲁塞尔的峰会上，欧元区领导人们宣布了一项重要突破。他们达成协议，利用欧元区的救助资金对苦苦挣扎的银行们直接提供支持，并成立整个欧元区的银行监视体系。
我们每日财经的人并不是悲观主义者，毫无疑问这项决策将会带来巨大的进展。但是历史告诉我们，欧洲重见繁荣的道路将是崎岖的。我们目前在回首欧洲曾遭遇过的最大一次创伤，来自第二次世界大战以及在那场可怕的战争后促进复苏的一切努力。最重要的就是马歇尔计划--这是美国的巨大援助项目。但是人们经常会忘记，这项计划的重中之重是对这些欧洲战败国来说如何还上这笔已经耗尽的高额负债，特别是德国的欠款。下面我们请到了伦敦经济学院的经济史教授阿波切特·里切尔。
“就在1945年后，我曾询问过这些债务状况确切来讲是什么，以后可能会发生什么。大量来自全欧洲的信件都想知道这些德国负债今后会如何。德国的官员对此事进行粉饰。我们知道的是这些债务并不需要真正偿还。下一步就是1947年的马歇尔计划。每一个计划接纳国都要签署一份豁免协议。这个协议说明所有的马歇尔援助给德国的欠款将首先向德国索取。”