黄金如何成为贸易金本位(1/2)

英语自学网

概括：黄金价格的历史
Hints:
gold standard
Richard Nixon
International Monetary Fund / IMF
ps: 文中有两处破折号
校对：Season111
翻译：wintervest
注解：wintervest
组长：ldzh43
答疑：常小猫The best example of something is often called the "gold standard." It sets the standard against which other things are measured. In economics, the term describes how major trading nations once used gold to set currency values and exchange rates. Many nations continued to use the gold standard until the last century.
In the United States, people could exchange paper money for gold from the 1870s until 1933. Then, President Richard Nixon finally disconnected the dollar from the value of gold in 1971. From time to time, some politicians call for a return to the gold standard.
But in 1978, the International Monetary Fund ended an official gold price. The IMF also ended the required use of gold in transactions with its member countries.
Since that time, gold prices have grown. But the growth was uneven. Prices -- uncorrected for inflation -- continue near record highs. Gold is trading above $1,600 an ounce. An ounce is about 28 grams.某种东西的最佳范例常被称为“黄金标准”，也就是为其他东西提供了比照的标准。而在经济学中，该术语则记述了大部分贸易国之间过去是怎样用黄金来确定货币价值并进行汇率设置的。许多国家的金本位制度一直沿用到了上个世纪。
19世纪70年代到1933年之间，美国人民都可以将黄金与纸币互相兑换。在1971年，当时的总统理查德·尼克松最终明令禁止以美元兑换黄金。可是直到现在，有时还会有一些政客呼吁重启金本位制度。
但在1978年，国际货币基金组织也终止了官方金价的发布，并且会员国之间也不再使用黄金进行交易结算。
从那时起，金价便开始攀升，但是涨幅并不均衡。在未计量通胀的情况下，金价一直都维持在峰值附近。现在每盎司黄金已超过1600美元，1盎司折合约为28克。