美国总统并非普选结果(1/2)

英语自学网

概述: 11月6日，美国人将投票选举下一任总统。但真正的总统大选则在12月17日，由538人组成的选举人团参加。
Hints:
Electoral College
Constitution
Head of State
Electors
American University Professor Curtis Gans
Nebraska
Maine
the District of Columbia
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口语节目地址：http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/11921/item/680600/Americans vote for their next president on November 6. But the real presidential election takes place on December 17, and only 538 people are involved. This small group is called the Electoral College.
When the U.S. Constitution was forged in 1787, no European nation had its citizens directly elect their Head of State. Lacking such a template, the Constitution's writers devised a two-step system by which people would cast ballots, but their votes would be conveyed to a small group, the Electoral College, which meeting state-by-state about a month after the popular vote, actually selects the president.
The number of each state's Electors is explained by American University Professor Curtis Gans. "Those Electors are, in number, the Congressional delegation in each state, two for the Senate, and however many Representatives. And they are elected by a winner-take-all vote in the states."
Except for two states, Nebraska and Maine, which assign Electors proportionately according to the popular vote in each Congressional district, there are also three additional Electors representing the District of Columbia, for a total of 538.11月6日，美国人将投票选举他们的下一任总统。但真正的总统选举则在12月17日，仅有538人参加。这538人组成的小团体被称为“选举人团（总统选举团）”。
1787年，美国宪法制定时，没有一个欧洲国家是让公民直接选举国家元首的。由于缺乏可模仿的普选先例，当年的宪法撰写者们便设计了一个分两步走的选举制度。在这个选举制度下，人民可以投票，但他们的投票将被传给一个小团体，即选举人团。在普选大约一个月后，选举人团在各州集会，真正选出总统。
美国大学的柯蒂斯•甘斯教授为我们解释各州选举人的人数是如何确定的：“各州选举人的人数就是各州在国会的代表人数：参议院每州2人，众议院人数则有很多。并且，他们是根据‘赢家通吃’制度来选举的。”【具体解释见注解】
除了内布拉斯加州和缅因州是按各国会选区的普选票得票比例分配选举人票外，哥伦比亚特区有3个选举人票。这样，选举人团总共有538票。