视点——纳粹已成历史，狭隘心态仍在

英语自学网

戳图直达本期配套模仿跟读节目~欢迎参加~

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概述：二战时期的种族政策已经远去很久，但我们狭隘的优越感和排外情绪却仍是这个世界上最普遍存在的心理。
Hints:
GK Chesterton
Notting Hill
Hitler
Jews
主持：fancyfrances
校对：sighsmile
翻译&注解：fancyfrances  
答疑：cherryxyr
口语点评：lsy34
口语节目地址：http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/2120/item/657171/The old distinction between patriotism and nationalism, made many times by many people, has never been more vital to our mental health than it is now - as vital for the health of the country as the distinction between sexual fantasy and pornography is for the health of a marriage. Patriotism, like fantasy, is a kind of sauce, a pleasing irrationalism that is part of what makes us human - and saucy. Nationalism, like pornography, is a kind of narcissistic addiction that devours our humanity.
Patriotism is simply a love of a place and of the people in a place. As GK Chesterton understood, it becomes more intense the smaller the unit gets, so that it was possible for him to feel more patriotism for Notting Hill than for the British Empire.
Nationalism is the opposite belief, that your place is better than everyone else's and that people who don't feel this way about it are somehow victimising you.
Recently in America, "exceptionalism" has become the new name for this illness. All nations are exceptional, but some are more exceptional than others, and America is the most exceptional of all.
And then hatred of difference - notice I carefully did not say racial hatred, or religious hatred. Hitler hated Jews because of their religion, and because of their race, but he hated them above all because of their otherness.过去，爱国主义和民族主义之间的区别被人们反复进行比较，但从未像今天这样，对我们的心理健康起到至关重要的作用。就如同性幻想和色情之间的差异对一段婚姻的健康十分重要。爱国主义和民族主义之间的差异对一个国家的积极向上也具有重要影响。爱国主义就好比性幻想，像是一种调料，一种令人愉快的非理性主义，它构成了我们作为人的一部分，这是美好的。而民族主义就如同色情，是一种自我陶醉的嗜好，它吞噬我们的人性。
爱国主义是一种对某个地方以及某个地方的人们的单纯的热爱。如GK切斯特顿所理解的，这个团体越小，这种热爱就会更强。所以可能对他来说，诺丁山而非大英帝国使他更能感觉到爱国主义情节。
民族主义正好恰恰相反，认为你的地方比其他人的都要好，并且如果别人不这么认为则是在伤害你。
眼下在美国，例外主义逐渐成为这一通病的新代名词。所有国家都是独一无二的，但是有些比起其他都要例外，美国就是其中最为例外的一个。
然后是仇视异端，注意在此我用词十分小心，我并没有说是种族仇视或者宗教仇视。希特勒痛恨犹太人，因为他们的宗教信仰，因为他们的种族，然而最令他痛恨的是他们的异端。