经济制裁到底伤害了谁？(1/2)

英语自学网

美国和联合国对伊朗的制裁极大地影响了其经济，国内物价飞涨，国民颇多怨言，有专家认为，经济制裁很有可能迫使伊朗走向武力对抗。
Hints:
Tehran
Royal Bank of Scotland
Commerzbank
Iran/Iranian
David Tafuri
Patton Boggs
Middle East
Jamal Abdi
National Iranian American Council
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组长：haifaforever
校对：jessie319
翻译&注释：未丸宸
答疑：西碧儿的琴Tehran's refusal to address international concerns about its atomic ambitions has forced the United States and the United Nations to tighten sanctions on Iran. U.S. authorities are investigating the Royal Bank of Scotland and Germany's second-biggest lender, Commerzbank, in an effort that has already led to large fines for others caught doing business with Iran.
Iran's economy suffered greatly from the sanctions, according to David Tafuri, a partner at the Washington-based law firm Patton Boggs, which is active in Middle East developments.

"It's certainly made it difficult for Iran to sell oil, which is the main source of funds for Iran. So Iran needs money, not just to keep the economy going, but to continue these weapons programs."

But Jamal Abdi, policy director of the National Iranian American Council, says U.S. policy toward Iran is doing more harm than good.

"We've gone from a policy that was supposed to be smart sanctions or targeted sanctions instead to ones that are designed to cripple the entire Iranian economy, and this is a counterproductive approach. This hurts ordinary people. It obstructs rather than facilitates diplomacy. And at the end of the day, I think that it's going to put us on a collision course for a military confrontation with Iran."对于国际社会针对其原子能野心的关切，伊朗拒不理睬，从而迫使美国和联合国对其加强制裁。美国当局正在调查苏格兰皇家银行和德国第二大贷款机构——德国商业银行，这是一系列行动的一部分，之前被查证与伊朗有生意往来的机构都已被处以巨额罚款。
由于这些制裁，伊朗的经济遭受了重创。总部在华盛顿的巴顿伯格斯律师事务所在中东发展中表现积极，其合作伙伴大卫·塔夫里如是说：“这（制裁）当然令伊朗出售石油变得困难了，而石油是他们主要的经济来源。所以伊朗需要钱，其目的并不仅仅是保持经济发展，而是继续这些武器计划。”
但是美籍伊裔全国委员会的政策主管Jamal Abdi说，美国对伊朗采取的（制裁）政策弊大于利。“我们已经偏离了本应执行智能制裁或有针对性制裁的政策，而走向旨在使整个伊朗经济陷入瘫痪的政策，这种方式只会适得其反。它会伤害到普通民众的利益。它阻碍而不是促进外交。而最终，我认为这将使我们走上与伊朗发生军事冲突的道路，碰撞必在所难免。”