【标准美音社论】美助尼日利亚抗击顽疾(1/2)

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【标准美音 Editorial】06-09-2012
U.S. Committed To Helping Nigerians Fight Polio

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图为尼日利亚当地卫生员在集散中心搬运救护品，拉各斯即将吹响举国抗击小儿麻痹症运动的号角。
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World Health Organization
Nigeria / Nigerian
Presidential Task Force on Polio Eradication
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编辑&翻译：betty0925
有betty的地方就有答疑~International health officials have declared polio a public emergency, following a spike in cases in nations where the virus was once thought to be nearing elimination. The World Health Organization, or WHO, said that the highly infectious disease, which attacks the central nervous system and can quickly cause total paralysis, could spread widely if concerted action isn’t taken to combat it.
Northern Nigeria is a special focus of concern. After cases were reduced by 95% as recently as two years ago, the disease is re-emerging there as a major threat, with an almost four-fold increase in cases reported across eight northern states since the beginning of the year. Children are especially susceptible to the disease. Among those paralyzed, one in ten die when their breathing muscles become immobilized.  
The Nigerian government is responding to the crisis with a Presidential Task Force on Polio Eradication. Officials there have launched a vaccination campaign, and local authorities are being encouraged that all cases in their areas be investigated and reported. Beginning in early April, the immunization effort hopes to provide 57.7 million Nigerian children with two drops of oral vaccine each.曾被认为已基本根除的脊髓灰质炎病毒死灰复燃，全国范围内小儿麻痹病例剧增，国际卫生官员拉响了警钟。世界卫生组织（WHO）这类传染性极强的疾病致使中枢神经瘫痪，很快导致终身不遂，如不加以密切防治，则会迅速蔓延。
北尼日利亚则是重点防治对象。两年前，小儿麻痹病例已降低了95%，而现在又死灰复燃成为该地区的一大灾难。自今年起，北方八个州的上报病例翻番，孩童是极易感染人群。一成瘫痪的病患死于呼吸肌僵化。
尼政府立即响应，成立了旨在根除脊髓灰质病毒的工作组，该组织发放了疫苗，还发动当局彻查并上报其管辖区内的所有病例。据估计，自四月初起，五千七百七十成的尼日利亚儿童每人接种了两剂口服疫苗。