|
|
发表于 2016-7-9 18:46:35
|
显示全部楼层
2. 动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式
这类动词常见的有：advise,decide, discuss, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, regard, remember, see, settle, teach, tell, think(=consider), understand, wonder等。这些疑问代(副)词有what, when, where, which, how, whether等，但不包括why，如：
He does not know how to go there
when to speak before strangers.
who(m) to visit.
which one to choose.
You can decide whether to go forward or stay here.
when to see a doctor.
I will show you what to do.
where to go.
how to deal with it.
其中，1)和2)中不定式的逻辑主语仍是句子的主语，分别为He和You;而3)中不定式的逻辑主语则不是句子的主语I，而是宾语you。
9) The director of this organization must know .
[A] to manage money, sell his product and beable to satisfy stockholders
[B] managing money, selling, and be able to satisfy the stockholders
[C] how to manage money, sell his product, and satisfy the stockholders
[D] money management, selling and being able to satisfy the stockholders
10) To tell you the truth, I really don’t know how deal with a man like him.
[A] can I
[B] well
[C] to
[D] much
3. 有时，不定式跟作主语时一样，可由it来代替，而把不定式放到后面去
He makes it a rule to take a walk before breakfast.
I think it interesting to play football while it is snowing hard.
We find it difficult to get everything ready before the time you require.
She cosiders it important to make friends with them.
I don't think it necessary to argue with them on this problem.
4. 有时THERE和TO BE连用表示“有”或“存在(某情况)”等
It is impossible for there to be any more.
Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem?
I expect there to be no argument about this?
有时在个别的介词后可用“疑问词+不定式结构”作其宾语
He has his own decision of how to do it.
三、 不定式作表语
1. 一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)
To see is to believe/ To work means to earn a living.
2. 另一种情况主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. / The boss's plan is to start building the skycraper immediately. / What I want to say is to get rid of the plan forever.
11) The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was providing [A] large uninterrupted floor areas [B] and to allow ample light [C] into the interior [D] .
12) The most important [A] thing is negociate [B] with them about [C] the future of [D] the plant.
四、 不定式作定语
1. 不定式作定语修饰名词或代词，它只能放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。这时被修饰的名词与不定式之间有逻辑上的主谓关系
13) The flexibility of film allows the artist unstrained imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.
[A] to bring
[B] bringing
[C] is brought
[D] brings
14) Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz?blues singer rests on her ability emotional depth to her songs.
[A] be giving
[B] are given
[C] being given
[D] to give
另外，有些词的不定式定语有主谓关系，如除了上述例句以外，还有些词常跟不定式作定语。这些词主要有decision (to make), (a) need (to eat), opportunity (to speak),reason(to learn a foreing language), time (to sth)等。
2. 动词不定式作定语往往有一层动宾关系，即所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语
15) Alice was having [A] trouble to control [B] the children because there were [C] so many [D] of them.
16) There are so many reference books for matriculation of postgraduate and I haven't decided which book .
[A] to buy
[B] buy
[C]to be buying
[D] buying
17) Astronauts can be affected by loneliness for they have to sit in the spacecraft for weeks with very little and no one .
[A] to do … to talk
[B] doing … to talk to
[C] to do … to talk to
[D] doing… to talk
3. 因为不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语，所以如果不定式动词是不及物动词，那么就要在动词后加上相应的介词
He has a lot of trifles to deal with./ I had got no place to live in./That girl has nothing to worry about./the subject to concentrate on. / He has a strict teacher to listen to. / She has four children to look after. / She had a sick mother to live with. / This is the very person to sell your ticket to.
18) Although the lecture had already been on for five minutes, I still was not able to find a chair .
[A] to sit
[B] for to sit on
[C] to sit on
[D] for sitting
4. 一些表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意义的名词后面要求接不定式作其定语，如：ability, attempt, effort等
19) During [A] the 19th century scientists found [B] that when certain parts of the brain were damaged [C] men lost the ability doing [D] certain things.
20) What is new, however, is the scientific attempt whether other planets beyond our own have given birth to advanced civilizations.
[A] discover
[B] discovers
[C] discovering
[D] to discover
21) Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort her?
[A] please
[B] pleased
[C] to please
[D] having pleased
五、不定式作状语
注意作状语的动词不定式要与其逻辑主语在意义上和数上的一致。
1. 表示目的
22) its plans to promote disarmaments，the party has decided to establish a campaign headquarters with Benjamin Seaman as its leader.
[A]Although
[B]To carry out
[C]Except that
[D] Make
23) pure lead，the lead ore is mined，then smelted，and finally refined.
[A] Obtaining
[B] Being obtained
[C] To obtain
[D] It is obtained
24) When they met，Leonardo and his enemy were fighting .
[A]killed each other
[B]killing each other
[C]to be killed each other
[D]to kill each other
2. 表示结果，在这种情况下，不定式的逻辑主语也是全句的主语
He must be cripple not to walk by himself./It seems that the employee didn't sleep at all to be so sleepy in the early morning. / What have I done for you to deserve such an amount of money?
还有固定搭配的不定式表示结果：so…as to; such(…) as to …; enough to…; too…to…; in order to … 等
We have got so plenty of food as to treat our guests./ Is that room big enough to seat all of us?/ He is too young to fit that job.
3. 表示原因
It's very kind of you to say so. / I am pretty pleased to hear the news that you are elected as the president of the club. / I'm sorry to interrupt you. / They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area.
4. 伴随状况
在下列表示能力、愿望、倾向等语义的形容词后边也要接不定式：able(但其同义词“ capable”后面要接“of+动名词”)，anxious, eager, glad, inclined(倾向于)，liable, likely, pleased, ready等。
25) Certain [A] minerals are magnetic and are able to detected [B] by instruments that measure [C] differences in the Earth’s magnetic fields [D] .
六、 在复合结构中的不定式
不定式的复合结构是指有些动词带宾语后再带上不定式，作宾语的补足语。前边已提到过，在这种结构中宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。
1. 有很多这样的动词可以跟宾语及其(或)补足语不定式，如：advise, allow, ask, enable, beg, cause, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hate, get , intend, invite, like, permit, persuade, pretend, remind, say, teach, tell, trust, urge, want, warn等表示“致使”等意义
26) The company manager may enable the men who tend the machines a large panorama(全景) of possibilites.
[A] to see
[B] see
[C] seeing
[D] seen
27) Did you intend us the new method?
[A] to use
[B] using
[C] our having used
[D] the using of
28) The teacher encouraged good compositions.
[A] us write
[B] us writing
[C] us to write
[D] our wrting
2. 在某些成语动词如 arrange for, call on, care for, count on, count upon, depend upon, long for, prepare for, prevail upon, rely on, vote for, wait for等后面，也可以跟宾语加不定式的复合结构
We are waiting for the bus to come./ They voted for Wang Gang to be the monitor. / Don't count on me to do that.
3. 另外，表示感觉的动词 see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe和have, let, make后的宾语可接不带to的不定式(help后不定式可带to也可不带to)
29) I often heard him that his family was well descended.
[A] said
[B] say
[C] to say
[D] to be said
30) We must have a person them build the house.
[A] see
[B] to see
[C] will see
[D] shall see
31) You would become irritated [A] if you watched [B] the correspondence to pile up [C] on your desk day by day [D] .
|
|
