英语语法：长难句结构分析及学习

英语自学网

　　Part IV：一个句子一个句号的概念
        　　理论上讲，一个句子一个句号，但是，实际中会有几个甚至多个句子摆放在一起共享一个句号。此时应该怎么办呢?
        　　答案很简单：标记清楚这些句子间的逻辑关系。有两种：
        　　1.并列关系示例
        　　示例1：I sat down beside her. I said nothing.
        　　变为：I sat down beside her and I said nothing.
        　　示例2：He asked me a question. I answered him.
        　　变为：He asked me a question and I answered him.
        　　2.从属关系
        　　1)运用各类从句，形成主从符合句，包括：
        　　状语从句
        　　宾语从句
        　　定语从句
        　　主语从句
        　　同位语从句
        　　2)运用非谓语动词类进行从属方式的处理，包括：
        　　动词的ing形式
        　　动词的过去分词形式
        　　动词不定式形式
        　　从属关系示例(以状语从句为例)
        　　示例1：When he asked me a question, I answered him.
        　　示例2：I was so angry that I beat him up!
        　　示例3：If you ask me ‘why’, I will answer ‘because’!
        　　示例4：Since you are not feeling well, just lie down and take a good rest.
        　　示例5：Although I have tried my best, I can’t win her heart.
        　　示例6：Wherever I am, I will be thinking of you.
        　　示例7：I went out very early in the morning so that I could avoid the rush hour traffic.
        　　非谓语动词方式处理示例
        　　示例1：I sat beside her. I felt very nervous.
        　　可变为：Sitting beside her, I felt very nervous.
        　　或者：I sat beside her, feeling very nervous.
        　　示例2：I want to quit smoking. I eat candies.
        　　可变为：To quit smoking, I eat candies.
        　　示例3：A young man was tired of sleeping on the floor. He saved up for years to buy a real bed.
        　　可以变为：Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man saved up for years to buy a real bed.
        　　示例4：Jimmy was dressed up as Father Christmas. He was accompanied by a guard of honor of six pretty girls. He set off down the main street of the city. He rode a baby elephant. The elephant was called Jumbo.
        　　可以变为：Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a guard of honor of six pretty girls, Jimmy set off down the main street of the city, riding a baby elephant called Jumbo.
        　　定语从句方式处理
        　　定语从句当然是属于“从属”的行列，所以，是处理为从属方式的手段之一。请看下面的例子：
        　　This is the only book.
        　　I read the book during the holiday.
        　　两句的重合点在the book上面;将第二句中的the book抽出来，放到第一句book后面，其它内容向后甩。这样，我们就会看到the only book后面马上又在重复the book。为了避免重复，我们去掉the book，而换用另外一个词去替换，这个词就是指物的which或that。因为这里的book有only在修饰，所以，最终我们选用that;又因为that在定语从句中作宾语，所以，可以省略。
        　　下面两句的合并遵循同样的原则：
        　　She is the girl.
        　　The girl’s father is my boss.
        　　==>She is the girl whose father is my boss.
        　　我们预热几个组成复杂句的句型：
        　　*…, but…结构(表转折关系)
        　　*…, for…结构(表原因关系)
        　　*…, so…结构(表结果关系)
        　　*…(,/;/.)however,…结构(表更强烈的转折关系)
        　　*…(,/;/.) therefore,…结构(更强烈的结果关系)
        　　*…(,/;/.)meanwhile,…结构(表时间关系)
        　　这些基本知识构成了：
        　　*1)简单句合并复杂句
        　　*2)复杂句拆分为简单句
        　　由“分到合”，由“合到分”的“基石”
        　　也是极速学好英语的根本方法或精髓之所在!