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英语语法大全:时态习题讲解

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发表于 2016-7-9 17:38:56 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  1. 这里为什么要分别用一般现在时和一般将来时
          —When ______ again?
          —I don’t know. But when he ______, I’ll let you know.
          A. he comes, comes                 B. will he come, willcome
          C. he comes, will come              D. will he come, comes
          此题应选, D。第一句为特殊疑问句(when=何时), 根据句意, 应用一般将来时态。 第二句为一个含有条件状语从句的主从复合句(when=当……的时候)。按语法规则:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中, 通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义, 而不能直接使用将来时态。请做以下选择题:
          1. The football match will be put off if it ____.
          A. will rain        B. rains
          C. rained          D. is raining
          2. —Can I join your club, Dad?
          —You can when you _____ a bit older.
          A. get            B. will get
          C. are getting       D. will have got
          此时要特别注意分清:由when和if引导的从句是状语从句还是宾语从句:
          3. (1) I won’t go if it ____ tomorrow. (状语从句)
          (2) I don’t know if it ____ tomorrow. (宾语从句)
          A. rains           B. will rain
          C. is raining        D. has rained
          答案:1. B 2. A 3. (1)A (2)B
          2. 这个宾语从句的时态需要与主句时态呼应吗
          a. He told us that the earth ______ round the sun.
          b. At one time some scientists thought that the sun ______ round the earth.
          A. turns, turns     B. turned, turned   C. turned, turns    D. turns, turned
          此题应选 D。容易误选A, B。
          有的考生根据时态呼应规则认为:本题主句是过去时态, 所以宾语从句也用过去时态(选B);有的考生认为, 宾语从句是客观真理, 所以都用一般现在时态(选A)。
          以上看法既对, 又不全对。就一般情况而论:主句是一般过去时态时, 其宾语从句应用过去的某种时态与之呼应。 但是若宾语从句表示的是客观真理, 则不管主句是什么时态, 宾语从句一律用一般现在时。但值得注意的是:本题b句的宾语从句并不是客观真理(所以不能用一般现在时)。
          下列情况即使主句是过去时,宾语从句也用现在时:
          1. 表示客观真理:
          He told the little boy that the sun rises in
          the east. 他告诉这个小男孩太阳从东方升起。
          2. 表示科学事实:
          The teacher said that hydrogen is the lightest
          element. 老师说氢是最轻的元素。
          3. 某些格言:
          He knew that pride goes before a fall. 他知道 骄兵必败。
          4. 某些不受时间限制的客观存在:
          London stands on the River Thames. 伦敦位于泰 晤士河岸。
          3. 将来时间表示方法知多少
          These scientists ______ for Japan tonight.
          A. are to leave     B. have left       C. will be left      D. left
          此题应选 A。英语中除了用“will / shall+动词原形”来表示将来外, 还有多种表示将来的方式:
          1. be going to+动词原形。主要表示打算和预见:
          He’s going to be a doctor when he grows up. 他长大后想当医生。
          Look at the black clouds——there is going to bea storm. 你看这些乌云——会有一场暴风雨。
          2. be+现在分词(即现在进行时)。主要表示按计划或安排要发生的事(多用于表示“位移”的动词):
          We are leaving on Sunday. 我们星期日出发。
          The plane is taking off at 5:30. 飞机5:30起飞。
          3. be+不定式。主要表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作;有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性:
          Where are we to stay tonight? 今晚我住什么地方?
          Tell him he’s not to be back late. 告诉他不准迟回。
          注:be about+不定式也表示将来(指即将要发生的事)但通常不与具体时间连用:
          He is about to leave. 他即将要离开。
          4. 一般现在时。表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事:
          The train leaves at 7:25 this evening. 火车今晚7:25分开。
          Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。
          4. will do与be going to do有何差别
          —I’ve come out without any money.
          —Never mind I ______ you some.
          A. am going to lend B. will lend        C. have lent       D. am to lend
          此题应选B。容易误选A。这里主要谈一谈有关“will+动词原形”和“be going to+动词原形”的区别:
          在通常情况下两者都可表示将来时间和意图,且有时可换用:
          我不会告诉你这事的。
          正:I won’t tell you about it.
          正:I’m not going to tell you about it.
          但是此时要注意:若是强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的, 则通常要用be going to;若是表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑, 而是在说话的当时才临时想到的, 则通常用will, 且以上两种情况通常不能换用。比较并体会:
          1. —Come to the party. 来参加晚会吧。
          —OK, I’ll bring my boyfriend. 好的, 我把我的男 朋友也带来。(临时想法)
          2. —Where is the telephone book? 电话薄在哪?
          —I’ll get it for you. 我去给你拿。(临时想法)
          3. —Why are you taking it out? 干吗要把它拿出来?
          —I’m going to wash it. 我想把它洗一洗。 (事先考虑)
          4. —Have you bought a typewriter? 你买了台打字机吗?
          —Yes. I’m going to learn to type. 是的,我想学打字。(事先考虑)
            
            
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发表于 2016-7-9 19:14:59 | 显示全部楼层

          6. 怎样正确理解现在完成时
          You don’t need to describe her. I ______ her several times.
          A. had met        B. have met       C. met           D. meet
          此题应选 B。主要考察现在完成时的用法。现在完成时是各类考试的常考考点, 其基本用法有两种:
          一、持续性用法(或叫未完成用法):指的是动作过去发生, 但在过去并未完成, 而是从过去一直持续到现在。此时多半有表示持续性的时间状语(如for 5 years, since 1990)。
          二、影响性用法(或叫已完成用法):指的是动作过去发生, 且在过去已经完成, 但这个过去发生的动作对现在有影响, 且说话者正好要强调的就是这个影响。现在完成时的这个用法, 一般没有明显的时间状语, 主要通过上下文来理解。
          1. —Where ___ the radio?I can’t see it anywhere.
          —I ___ it right here. But now it’s gone.
          A. did you put; have put
          B. have you put; put
          C. had you put; was putting
          D. were you putting; have put
          2. —Who is Jerry Cooper?
          —____?I saw you shaking hands with him at the
          meeting.
          A. Don’t you meet him yet
          B. Hadn’t you met him yet
          C. Didn’t you meet him yet
          D. Haven’t you met him yet
          答案:1. B 2. D
          7. 过去进行时用法一得
          I don’t think Jim saw me; he ______ into space.
          A. just stared      B. was just staring  C. has just stared   D. had just stared
          此题应选B。主要考察动词过去进行时的基本用法(即动作在过去某一时刻正在进行)。此题的上文设置比较巧妙:前面的主句用了I don’t think(指现在的看法), 而其后的宾语从句用的是saw(指过去的动作), 也就是说此题的语境是:现在谈论过去的情况, 全句意为:我认为吉姆当时没看见我, (因为)他当时正在朝天空看。
          1. My brother ____ while he ____ his bicycle and hurt himself.
          A. fell;was riding    B. fell; were riding
          C. had fallen;rode    D. had fallen; was riding
          2. Tom ____ into the house when no one ______.
          A. slipped;was looking                B. had slipped;looked
          C. slipped;had looked D. was slipped;looked
          3. As she ____ the newspaper, Granny _____ asleep.
          A. read;was falling   B. was reading; fell
          C. was reading;was fallling             D. read; fell
          4. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _____ at a radio shop at the time.
          A. has worked      B. was working
          C. had been working D. had worked
          5. While I ____ a shower, the telephone rang.
          A. took           B. had taken
          C. had been taking   D. was taking
          答案:1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. D
          8. 正确理解和运用过去完成时的关键是什么
          He asked me to have a drink with him. I said that it was at least ten years since I ______ a gooddrink.
          A. had enjoyed     B. was enjoying    C. enjoyed        D. had been enjoying
          此题应选A。容易误选C。本题主要考察过去完成时的基本用法(过去完成时是各类考试的常考考点), 此用法的关键是要正确理解“过去的过去”这五个字,也就是说:过去完成时是一个相对时态, 它必须以一个过去时间作参照, 而这个过去完成时所表示的动作要发生在这个过去时间的过去。做这类题时, 考生一定要注意一定的上下文, 要注意寻找直接或间接的过去参照时间:
          1. He was disappointed that most of the guests___ when he ____ at the party.
          A. left; had arrived                   B. left; arrived
          C. had left; had arrived                D. had left; arrived
          2. The students _____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _____ in the office.
          A. had written;left                   B. were writing;has left
          C. had written;had left                D. were writing;had left
          3. Helen _____ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home.
          A. has left;comes                    B. left; had come
          C. had left;came                    D. had left; would come
          答案:1. D 2. D 3. C
          9. This is the first time后的从句通常用什么时态
          —Do you know our town at all?
          —No, this is the first time I ______ here.
          A. was           B. have been      C. came          D. am coming
          此题应选B。这与句中的this is the first time有关:一般说来, 在It [This] is the first time+that-结构中, that-从句通常用现在完成时:
          It’s the first time (that) the boy has spoken toa foreigner. 这个男孩还是第一次同外国人说话。
          It’s the first time that she’s seen an elephant. 这是她第一次见到大象。
          有时以上结构中的first也可换成second, third, fourth等;其中的time也可换成其它名词:
          It’s the first month that he has lived here. 这是他第一个月住在这里。
          This is the second cigarette that he has smokedtoday. 这是他今天抽的第二支烟。
          若It was the first time that-结构中, that-从句通常用过去完成时, 有时也用一般过去时, 有时若有包括现在在内的时间状语, 偶尔还可用现在完成时:
          I was lucky because that was the second time I(had) visited Japan that year. 我很幸运, 那是我那年第二次访问日本。
          It was the first time this year that he hadn’t[hasn’t] worked on a Saturday. 这是今年来他第一次在星期六不上班。
          10. 做这个时态题完全看语境
          I met Jim last week. We ______ each other for about twenty years since we left Japan.
          A. didn’t meet     B. don’t meet      C. haven’t met    D. hadn’t met
          此题应选D。不少考生会误选C,因为这句当中有一个由since引导的时间状语从句。确实,在与since状语从句连用的主句中, 时态通常是用现在完成时:
          He has lived here since he came here. 自从他来到这里, 他就一直住在这儿。
          We haven’t heard from her since she left. 自从她离开后, 我们就一直未收到她的来信。
          I have been at his bedside ever since he became ill. 自从他生病以来,我一直守在他床边。
          以上各例之所以用了现在完成时, 是因为since表示“自从……以来, 一直……”, 这刚好与现在完成时的持续性用法一致。但是这种用法不是绝对的, 有时在特定的语言环境下也可能有例外。试比较:
          1. We haven’t met each other for about 20 yearssince we left Japan.
          2. I met Jim last week. We hadn’t met each other
          for about twenty years since we left Japan.
          第1句用现在完成时, 这大家比较好理解。但是第2句用过去完成时, 有的考生就感到费解了。其实第2句用过去完成时的主要原因是I met Jim last week. 既然“我上个星期见到了吉姆”, 所以“30 年未见面”显然应在“上星期”这一过去时间之前(即“过去的过去”), 所以要用过去完成时。
          11. 这是根据语境确定时态的一道妙题
          —Excuse me, sir. Smoking is not allowed here.
          —Oh, sorry I ______.
          A. don’t know     B. didn’t know     C. haven’t known  D. can’t know
          此题应选 B。这是一道很好的测试时态的语境题。此题的情景是:一方提醒另一方不准抽烟, 对方表示歉意并说自己不知道。这里的“不知道”显然是指对方“提醒”之前“不知道”(所以用过去时态);假若用一般现在时, 则指在对方提醒之后还仍然不知道, 这不是很荒唐吗?
          在做时态试题时, 要特别注意上下文的语境:
          1. —We could have walked to the station; it was so near.
          —Yes. A taxi ____ at all necessary.
          A. wasn’t         B. hadn’t been
          C. wouldn’t be     D. won’t be
          2. —Your phone number again?I____quite catch it.
          —It’s 7226109.
          A. didn’t          B. couldn’t        C. don’t          D. can’t
          3. —Can I help you, sir?
          —Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _____ work.
          A. didn’t          B. won’t          C. can’t          D. doesn’t
          4. —Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
          —I _____, but I had an unexpected visitor.
          A. had           B. would          C. was going to     D. did
          答案:1. A 2. A 3. D 4. C
        (编辑:何莹莹)
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