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发表于 2016-7-9 21:50:40
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副标题#e#
反意疑问句:
1. Let us…, will you?
2. Let's…, shall we?
3. 祈使句的反意疑问句用will you。
4. 宾语从句反意疑问句原则上反主句,但是如果主语是I,则反问从句。
He said you were a good student, didn't he?
I think you are right, aren't you?
5. 带有否定前后缀的句子还是肯定句;带有否定副词的句子在句中是否定句。
He dislikes you, doesn't he?
He never likes you, does he?
非谓语动词部分
动词不定式几点注意。
1.下列动词或动词短语后接不定式:agree, seem, appear, offer, happen, wish, hope, pay,
expect, long, plan, intend, promise, pretend, decide, afford, manage, choose, be said to,
would like to等。
2. 不定式常用的句型:too…to do (太……而不能), …enough to do…(够……就能
……), so as to do/in order to do(为了……),so…as to do/such…as to do(如
此……结果……)。在这些常用句型中,注意so as to /in order to,前一个不能用于句首,而in
order to既可放在句首,也可放在句尾。so…as to与such…as to的区别是:so后一般接形容词或副
词、可数名词单数(so + adj.+ a/ an + n.)。“such”后一般接可数名词复数、不可数名词和可数
名词单数形式(such + a/an + adj. + n.)。
3. 不定式的三个结构:即否定结构、复合结构和疑问结构。否定结构为“not (never) to do”;
疑问结构是特殊疑问词“how (what, which, who, whether…) to do”;复合结构是“for/ of +名词
(或代词宾格)+ to do ”。
4. let/ make/ have/ see/ hear/ notice/ observe/ listen to/ look at/ watch/feel
这些动词带不定式作宾补时,省掉to, 若这些动词以被动形式出现时,应加上to。
5. 当前面是the first, the second, the last, need, plan, time, chance, right,determination,
ability, opportunity(机会),way时,一般用不定式作定语。
6. but/ except + to do/ do 结构,要根据谓语动词来确定其后面的形式。当谓语动词是do,
does, did时,but后用动词原形;谓语动词是其他动词时,but后用“to + 动词原形”的形式。
7. 不定式的逻辑主语要与主语保持一致。
To study a foreign language, practice is needed. 这个句子逻辑主语不一致,应改为:To study
a foreign language, one needs practice. 学习外语需要操练。
8. 形容词后一般用不定式(除busy, worth 两个外) 。
You are sure to succeed. 你一定能成功。
I’m sorry to have given you a lot of trouble. 对不起,给你带来那么多麻烦。
He is busy preparing his lessons at present. 他现在正忙于预习功课。
9. 不定式作定语和表语时,有时需要在后面放上一个适当的介词。
This is a bench to sit on.(这是用来坐的凳子。)
This room is comfortable to live in. (这个房间住起来很舒适。)
10. 在“主语+系动词+adj.+不定式”这个句型中,当主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时,不定式不用
被动,不能在动词后再放宾语。
The question is easy to answer. (question是answer的宾语,不能说:The question is easy to
be answered. 也不能说:The question is easy to answer it .)
11. 不定式的动词与前面的动词一致时,可以省掉该动词,但to 不能省掉;其后如是be 或have等
词时,一般不能省。
动名词的注意要点:
1. 以下动词和动词短语后只能接动名词:
常用动词:finish, mind, suggest, keep, enjoy, practice, consider, excuse, miss, escape,
resist, allow, permit, imagine, risk, delay, forbid, appreciate, understand
动词短语:give up, insist on, look forward to, it is (no )good (use, harm), object to(反
对), get down to, devote oneself to, spend…doing, prevent…(from)…, waste…doing, have
(no) difficulty (in) doing, stick to, keep…from, stop…from
2. 接不定式、动名词意义不同的动词和结构:
stop to do/stop doing 停下来做……/ 停止做…….
remember to do/remember doing 记住要去做……/ 记得曾做过……
forget to do/forget doing 忘记去做……/ 忘记曾做过……
try to do/try doing 努力(尽力)做……/ 试着做……
regret to do/regret doing 遗憾地去做……/ 后悔做过……
mean to do/mean doing 打算做……/ 意味着做……
want to do/want doing 想做……/ 需要被做……
go on to do/go on doing 接着做另一件事/ 接着做未做完的同一事
like to do/like doing 喜欢做……(非经常性)/ 喜欢做(指习惯,爱好).
feel like doing/would like to do 想做……/(要做……)
set about doing/set out to do 开始做……
prefer doing/prefer to do 喜欢做……
prefer + doing to + doing
would rather + do than + do 宁愿……而不愿
prefer to + do rather than + do
used to + do 过去经常做……
be used to + do 被用来做……
be/get used to doing 养成做……习惯
can’t help (to) + do 不能帮助做……
can’t help doing 止不住地做……
can’t help but + do 不得不
cannot choose but +do= cannot but do
3. 动名词的两个结构(即否定结构和复合结构),否定结构是not +动名词;
复合结构是:代词宾格(形容词性物主代词) + 动名词
4. 动名词的几种形式要记清:doing 一般式;not doing 否定式;being done被动式;having
done完成式;having been done完成被动式
5. 动词need、want、require后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义(= to be + 过去分词)。
The baby wants washing. (= to be washed)
6. 在worth后用动名词主动形式,在worthy后用动名词被动形式。
The film is worth seeing. =The film is worthy of being seen.
=The film is worthy to be seen.
7. to后接动词时,to是不定式符号,应该接原形动词;to是介词应要接动名词。这一点一定要
判断清楚。在“get down to开始做……;look forward to…盼望……;stick to…坚持做……;lead
to…导致……;devote oneself to…献身于……;to be devoted to …献身于……;pay attention
to …注意……;object to 反对做…… ”中,to都是介词,其后面应该接动名词。
8. 介词后一般接动名词。in doing … 在做……过程中;on doing … 一……就……;before
doing … 在做……之前;after doing …在做……之后;without doing 没做……
分词的用法注意:
1. 分词的两个结构
否定结构:not + 分词
Not having known his address, I didn’t write to him.
复合结构(独立主格结构)有两种形式:
名词(代词主格)+分词(只作状语)
with+名词(代词宾格)+分词(作状语或定语)
The day’s work done, they went home. 他们做完一天的工作就回家了。
He sat there with his feet pointing to others. 他坐在那儿,把脚指向别人。
2. 现在分词的完成时态不能作表语、定语和宾补,只放在状语的位置上。现在分词一般时态的
被动结构(being + v.-ed)表示“正在被”之意,而在动名词中只表示被动。
Having answered the letter, he stood up and talked to me.(时间状语)
Being cheated made him sad. (被骗这件事,不一定是正在受骗)
The meeting being held now is of great importance. 现在正在开的会很重要。
3. “使……怎么样”之类的动词(amuse, astonish, excite, frighten, interest, move, relax,
satisfy, shock, surprise, encourage, disappoint, puzzle, tire, please, inspire, terrify,
worry),它们的-ing形式表示主动,而过去分词表示被动。一般情况下,“人”用过去分词,
“物”用 ing形式。
4. 分词和不定式都作状语,其区别是分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式和说明,
而不定式表示目的和结果,关键是体会句意之间关系。
5. 独立主格结构放在句首不能误当成并列句,分词作状语放在句末不能误当成并列谓语。
There being no buses, we had to walk home.
The students worked in the fields, laughing and talking).
6. 为了使概念更明确,在分词前可以用when, while, if, once, unless, as if, than,
as这些连词。
I will go if invited (= if I am invited).
7. seat/ dress这两个动词后如有宾语用现在分词,反之用过去分词。include/ consider这两个
动词如果放在名词之前用现在分词,名词之后用过去分词。missing/remaining作“丢失的”和“剩下
的”讲,只有现在分词形式;left作“剩下的”讲只能放名词后或代词后。例如:We went there,
including our boss. / We went there, our boss included.
8. 一些只用现在分词形式的固定结构:generally/ seriously speaking,judging from (by)…,
但 to tell the truth, to be sure, to be exact 要用不定式。
9. spoken English 是“英语口语”,而English-speaking是“讲英语的……”,后面一般接
名词,它是个形容词。
10. open作形容词用是“开着的”,而“关着的”是closed。 形容词close 是指“距离”,不
是“关着的”意思。
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