2011年12月四级考试模拟试题第三套

英语自学网

　   Writing (30 minutes)
　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic “Vocational Choices”. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
　　1. 就业选择;
　　2. 就业选择与所学专业的关系;
　　3. 谈谈你的看法。
　　Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
　　Online Degrees
　　Today, you can earn a degree from a major university without ever having sat in one of their classrooms. Many colleges and universities are jumping on the distance learning bandwagon and offering online courses and degree programs.
　　In this article we’ll look at how online degrees work, what you should look for if you are pursuing a degree via the online option, and what employers think of online degrees.
　　Online Learning Programs
　　With a computer, an Internet connection and a little self-discipline, you can earn a degree from home, work, or anywhere else for that matter. Online degree programs follow much the same routines as traditional learning, with a few twists. There are lectures, but they won’t be in person. There are assignments, but you won’t hand them to your instructor. There are exams, but you won’t be able to look at your neighbor’s paper. There may be a set time that “class” begins, but you don’t have to be there then. In most situations, you are free to “go to class” when it fits your schedule. If you get a phone call during class, you don’t have to miss anything. If you get sick, you don’t have to ask for someone’s notes, and you just visit the lecture later.
　　You’ll communicate with your instructor by e-mail, chat rooms, bulletin boards, and instant messaging. Your classroom will live in a special software program that uses text chat and bulletin boards, as well as streaming audio or recorded lectures. You may be put into a virtual workgroup with other students and be required to solve a problem. You may have to work through interactive puzzles and quizzes. Contrary to popular belief, you will have contact with other students and the instructor.
Depending on the program and institution, distance learning may consist of synchronous (live) sessions or asynchronous (non-live) sessions. Transcripts and notes from lectures are archived, so you can always go back if you missed something. If there are live sessions with discussions among students, you can go back to those as well. Assignments may even be returned with audio clips so your instructors can convey their tone of voice along with their comments.
　　Printed documents may be sent to you through the mail, or you may have the options of printing them yourself or reading them online.
　　Some schools require an initial “boot camp” held at the campus (if there is one), where you will meet the other students, instructors and support personnel. You’ll learn how to use the technology, learn about the library and reference systems, and begin your coursework.
　Evaluating the Program
　So once you know the school is accredited, is the decision easy? Not necessarily. There are still a lot of questions to ask before you make your selection, such as:
　★How is the course presented?
　Investigate the method by which the instructor gives lectures. Does the instructor simply put the lecture online as text? Are there accompanying slides? Is there any interaction? Is there video or audio? Are exams given? How are assignments turned in? The format of the course is sometimes as important as the content. Great content is more easily absorbed if it’s done in a dynamic and innovative manner that involves interaction between the student and instructor as well as interaction with the content itself. Online learning technology provides many opportunities for innovation. Find a school that takes advantage of it.
　 ★How do students interact with each other?
　Is there an established method for interaction and congregating? Online programs can use chat rooms, instant messaging, teleconferencing, and video conferencing to communicate. The key is to find a program that has this interaction built into it and even requires it. How the online community functions should be very important to both the instructor and the educational institution.
　 ★Are the instructors qualified?
　　Check out the credentials and degrees the instructors hold, as well as their knowledge of online learning and its differences from classroom learning. What kind of support do the instructors get for their online courses? If technical problems arise, is there someone to turn to? A school that is dedicated to its online programs will have the development staff and the support staff to make it successful. Instructors (and students) have to be able to adapt to changing technology.
　　★What kind of reputation does the school have?
　　It may seem simple — a good school will have a good online program. That may be true, but it is also probable that its online program is still too new to judge, so you’re left with nothing but the reputation of the school’s traditional programs. This reputation, however, may not be as straightforward as you think. You can look at the overall quality of the school and make a judgment, but there may be weaknesses in the program in which you are interested. It’s not uncommon for a great school to have a weak program or two.
　　★How are students evaluated?
　　Earning a degree should mean just that — earning it. If students aren’t assessed properly and degrees are handed out with little or no verification that any knowledge has been transferred from the instructor to the student, then how can the program be rated? Students, particularly adult students, learn more by doing than by simply listening. For this reason, it is important to ensure that part of the program involves applying what has been learned.
　　The Employer’s View
　　The big question in everyone’s mind is, “Is an online degree from an accredited college or university seen by potential employers as a lesser degree?” Vault.com, a career network Website, did a survey of 239 HR professionals. According to the results, 77 percent of respondents believe that an online degree earned at an accredited institution like Duke or Stanford is more credible than one earned at an Internet-only institution.
　　Other sources, such as Thomas L. Russell of North Carolina State University, did studies that revealed that there is little if any difference in the quality of education received through online distance learning versus traditional classrooms. John Losak at Nova Southeastern University in Fort Lauderdale found similar results in his own study. He analyzed graduation rates, time to graduation, and knowledge, as well as other elements. He found the students performed as well or better in online courses.
　As more and more people get online degrees and use them in the workforce, HR managers and hiring managers will begin to feel more secure about the quality of education these people have. If the studies that were done by Thomas L. Russell and John Losak — showing the quality of online education to be as good as or better than that of traditional education — hold up on a larger scale, then the future of getting jobs and advancements based on online degrees will be bright.
　　Until then, choose schools carefully, and check for accreditation and strong programs. When you’ve completed the degree, go to job interviews armed with information to counter any questions about the quality or validity of your degree. Make sure the interviewer knows how you achieved the degree, how you worked it into a busy schedule, how you overcame any obstacles. It will show a self-motivation and discipline that may be just the qualities the company is looking for.
　　1. Which of the following is the unique characteristic of online education that traditional education doesn’t have?
　　A) There are lectures, but they won’t be in person.
　　B) There are assignments, and you must hand them to your instructor.
　　C) If you get sick, you have to ask for someone’s notes.
　　D) If you get a phone call during class, you will miss something.
　　2. What can you do in some schools’ initial “boot camp”?
　　A) To meet the other students and instructors. B) To read books in the library.
　　C) To attend class in person. D) To hand your paper to your instructor.
　　3. What is the best type of online lecture?
　　A) One with no accompanying slides. B) One that is simply put online as text.
　　C) One without video or audio. D) One with interaction during the lecture.
　　4. Great content is more easily absorbed if it’s done in a ________ manner.
　　A) static and innovative B) traditional and obsolete
　　C) dynamic and innovative D) simple and active
       5. What is the most important part of online communication?
　　A) To use chat rooms and instant messaging to communicate.
　　B) To find a program that has interaction built into it.
　　C) To find an established method for interaction.
　　D) To use video conferencing to communicate.
　　6. What will be employers’ view about online degrees as more are used in the workforce?
　　A) They will feel doubtful about the quality of online education.
　　B) They will feel more secure about the quality of online education.
　　C) They will not be quite sure about the quality of online education.
　　D) They will fully trust the quality of online education.
　　7. What may be the qualities that some companies are looking for according to the passage?
　　A) Quality of your degree. B) Validity of your degree.
　　C) Self-motivation and discipline. D) Ability to overcome obstacles.
　　8. A school that is dedicated to its online programs will have the _______ and the support staff to make it successful.
　　9. The reputation of the school, however, may not be as __________ as you think.
　　10. Students, particularly __________, learn more by doing than by simply listening.
        
         
         

enfour

　　(Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
　　■ Section A
　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 11 to 20 are based on the following passage.
　　The anthropologist (人类学家) Clifford Geertz defines culture as a “historically transmitted pattern of meanings embodied in symbols ... by 11 of which men can communicate, perpetuate and develop their own knowledge about and attitudes towards life.”
　　Why is it important that you 12 about other cultures? There are a number of reasons. Some may do it 13 because they find fascinating the different ways that people think, speak, act, evaluate, and communicate. But let me assume that you are a more pragmatic sort of person, and are 14 in the “cash value” of a course like this — apart, that is, from the grade you will receive at the end of it. What is a class like this good for? Let me make a couple of suggestions on how what you learn in this class may prove 15 to you in the future:
　　Business: Geert Hofstede’s excellent book on culture is 16 not primarily out of academic theory, but out of his study of the practical problems faced by one particular modern corporation (IBM), which exists across national and cultural 17 . In the world we live in, understanding 18 in general and also specific individual cultures in particular can make the difference between success and failure in the global market and economy.
　　Politics and Diplomacy: If your career goal involves anything that relates to international politics and diplomacy, then understanding other cultures is 19 .
　　Neighbors: If none of these previous factors 20 you, then you can just look at this class as a lesson in good neighborliness in the global village.
　　A) learn I) boundaries
　　B) written J) ways
　　C) means K) motivates
　　D) simply L) important
　　E) exactly M) disturbs
　　F) interested N) read
　　G) culture O) useless
　　H) useful
       ■ Section B
　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.
　　Passage One
　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
　　As concern about swine flu sweeps the globe, the best way to protect yourself from contracting it or other infectious diseases is with a dose of common sense: Wash your hands frequently, cover your coughs and sneezes and stay home from work or school if you feel ill.
　　These guidelines may seem basic, but they’re effective in warding off the spread of infections. Richard Besser, acting director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), said, “Control of an outbreak of infectious disease is a shared responsibility. It’s important that individuals realize they have a key role to play in reducing their own likelihood of getting infected.”
　　Specifically, people are wise to wash their hands often with soap and warm water for 15 to 20 seconds at a time or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer if water isn’t accessible. The CDC also recommends avoiding touching your eyes, nose and mouth to prevent the spread of germs.
　　Symptoms of swine flu are similar to those of regular seasonal influenza. People with swine flu often get a fever, headache, cough, sore throat, body aches, chills and fatigue. Some also have gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea or vomiting.
　　Swine flu is a virus that usually affects pigs but appears to have acquired the ability to pass from person to person, though it’s unclear how easily it can be transmitted this way.
　　If you become sick, stay home for the period of infection, which is typically seven days, although children may be contagious for longer. Once on the mend, don’t return to work or school until at least a day after symptoms have disappeared, Besser said.
　　“Wearing a face mask when out in public isn’t warranted in most cases,” he said. “I know some people feel more comfortable having a mask, and there are certain circumstances where that may be of value, but I would rather people really focus on hand-washing, as well as covering coughs and sneezes.”
　　Other social practices may need to be adjusted, such as the salutary kiss that’s customary in some regions.
　　“If you’re in an affected area or you have the swine flu, it’s probably best not to give a kiss,” Besser said. “But we’re not recommending the end of affection during the period.”
       21. To protect yourself from swine flu, it is a good idea to __________.
　　A) have baths frequently B) cover your coughs and sneezes
　　C) stay home from work or school if you feel tired D) eat an apple every day
　　22. The underlined phrase “warding off” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “_______”.
　　A) investigating B) increasing C) preventing D) decreasing
　　23. What does Richard Besser mean by saying “Control of ... getting infected.”?
　　A) It is the government’s responsibility to fight against infectious diseases.
　　B) It is the patients’ responsibility to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
　　C) It is everybody’s responsibility to control the outbreak of infectious diseases.
　　D) It is doctors’ and experts’ responsibility to fight against infectious diseases.
　　24. According to the passage, what do we know about swine flu?
　　A) Swine flu can be transmitted easily among pigs but not among people.
　　B) Symptoms of swine flu are different from those of regular seasonal influenza.
　　C) People with swine flu often get a stomachache, headache and toothache.
　　D) Swine flu is a virus that has acquired the ability to pass from person to person.
　　25. What does Richard Besser think of wearing a face mask?
　　A) It can protect people from getting infected.
　　B) It can make people feel comfortable and is affordable.
　　C) It isn’t as effective as hand-washing and covering your mouth when you cough or sneeze.
　　D) It is more effective than hand-washing and covering coughs and sneezes.
        
         
         

ensix

　 Passage Two
　　Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
　　Sixteen-year-old Karlos Dearman’s future is looking much brighter than he might previously have imagined. “I’ve always been into bikes, but never thought I’d end up working with them,” he says. “This scheme has changed my life.”
　　Karlos is learning to refurbish (翻新) old bicycles in the workshop of ReCycle Bikes, a local community charity in Sheffield, which has a contract with the city council to provide training opportunities for young people aged 14 to 16, particularly those struggling in mainstream education or excluded from school.
　　“It’s about engaging youngsters with education and youth training by teaching them work and life skills,” explains Des Pearce, workshop training manager. “These young people have so much potential, but often don’t realize it.”
　　Established in 2001, ReCycle Bikes repairs bicycles donated by the public, which, once restored, are sold for ￡20. Abandoned bikes supplied by the council ensure a steady flow of bikes, but a recently formed partnership with Sheffield University should improve further the prospects of the young mechanics.
　　“The student population presents a large and ready market,” says Pearce. “So we approached the university last year and offered to host bike sales on the campus. They thought it was a great idea, and agreed to supplement our council funding. This means we can train youngsters to repair extra 500 bikes over three years, and fund Karlos’s apprenticeship.”
　　Having set up ReCycle Bikes on his own, Pearce now has the staff and resources to track the career development of those who have passed through his workshop.
　　“At the moment we depend on anecdotal evidence from the schools,” he says. “But we are planning exit interviews with the young people to ascertain what they plan to do, and these will allow us to check on their progress.”
　　That most of the teenagers enjoy the work is, according to Pearce, easily explained. “Most kids have ridden a bike and know how to oil a chain or mend a puncture. As low-cost transport, cycling gives the young and old a sense of freedom and independence, and the impact on their well-being is immense. Add to that a growing concern for the environment, and it’s no surprise that bike sales are on the increase.”
        26. What do we know about ReCycle Bikes?
　　A) It is a popular brand of bikes which are sold in Sheffield.
　　B) It is a local community charity that provides training opportunities for young people.
　　C) It is a contract signed between a local community charity and the city council.
　　D) It is a training program offered by the city council to those excluded from school.
　　27. How did ReCycle Bikes run at the beginning?
　　A) By repairing bicycles donated by the public and selling them.
　　B) By donations from the public and Sheffield University.
　　C) By selling bicycles supplied by the city council.
　　D) By tuition fees from kids aged between 14 and 16.
　　28. ReCycle Bikes has formed a partnership with Sheffield University because ____________.
　　A) students at Sheffield University assure a large and ready market
　　B) Sheffield University offers many mechanical teachers to ReCycle Bikes
　　C) Sheffield University donates a lot of money to ReCycle Bikes
　　D) teenagers at ReCycle Bikes can study at Sheffield University in the future
　　29. Why does ReCycle Bikes depend on information from the schools?
　　A) The schools give accurate information.
　　B) Students dislike telling the truth in interviews.
　　C) ReCycle Bikes doesn’t have the ability to track students’ career development.
　　D) All the training organizations do it this way.
      30. According to Pearce, why do most of the teenagers enjoy the work?
　　A) Most kids want to learn how to repair bikes.
　　B) Teenagers don’t have enough money to buy cars.
　　C) Youngsters care more about bikes than adults.
　　D) Teenagers are familiar with bikes and they have a passion for them.
        
         
         

enfive

　 Cloze (15 minutes)
　　Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.
　　Barack Obama was born to a white American mother, Ann Dunham, and a black Kenyan father, Barack Obama, Sr., who were 31 young college students at the University of Hawaii. When his 32 left for Harvard, Barack and his mother stayed behind, and his father 33 returned alone to Kenya, where he worked as a government economist. Barack’s mother 34 an Indonesian oil manager and moved to Jakarta when Barack was six. He later 35 Indonesia as simultaneously lush and a harrowing 36 to tropical poverty. He returned to Hawaii, where he was 37 up largely by his grandparents. The family lived in a small apartment — his grandfather was a furniture salesman and an unsuccessful insurance agent and his grandmother 38 in a bank — but Barack managed to get into Punahou School, Hawaii’s top prep 39 . His father wrote to him regularly but, though he traveled around the world on official 40 for Kenya, he visited only once, when Barack was ten.
　　Obama attended Columbia University, but found New York’s racial tension 41 . He became a community organizer for a small Chicago church-based group for three years, helping poor South Side residents 42 with a wave of plant closings. He then attended Harvard Law School, and in 1990 became the first 43 -American editor of the Harvard Law Review. He turned down a 44 judicial clerkship, choosing instead to practice civil-rights law back in Chicago, 45 victims of housing and employment 46 and working on voting-rights legislation. He also began teaching at the University of Chicago Law School. Eventually he 47 as a Democrat for the state senate seat from his district, which included both Hyde Park and some of the poorest ghettos on the South Side, and won.
　In 2004 Obama was 48 to the U.S. Senate as a Democrat, representing Illinois, and gained national attention by giving a rousing and 49 keynote speech at the Democratic National Convention in Boston. In 2008 he ran 50 president as a democrat and won. He is set to become the 44th president of the Unites States and the first African-American ever elected to that position.
　　31. A) both B) either C) neither D) each
　　32. A) son B) father C) daughter D) mother
　　33. A) only B) ultimately C) simply D) initially
　　34. A) remarried B) taught C) remained D) acted
　　35. A) took B) suspected C) recounted D) figured
　　36. A) exposition B) exposure C) expectation D) exhibition
　　37. A) brought B) given C) turned D) cheered
　　38. A) died B) worked C) educated D) lived
　　39. A) army B) allocation C) academy D) association
　　40. A) apprentice B) market C) sale D) business
　　41. A) important B) impossible C) inescapable D) indispensable
　　42. A) match B) agree C) cope D) connect
　　43. A) African B) Asian C) European D) Latin
　　44. A) profound B) perfect C) possible D) prestigious
　　45. A) saving B) commenting C) calling D) representing
　　46. A) dispute B) discrimination C) difference D) disposal
        47. A) ran B) jogged C) competed D) formed
　　48. A) gone B) elected C) moved D) suggested
　　49. A) massive B) well-received C) dull D) tedious
　　50. A) for B) as C) in D) with
　　Part V Translation (5 minutes)
　　Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
　　51. He never ____________________ (后悔做过的事情).
　　52. The students __________________ (表现出极大兴趣) learning math.
　　53. ________________ (令他失望的是), she did not show up in the show.
　　54. These phrases are very useful, and are ____________ (值得写下来).
　　55. Experts tell us that it is difficult to _______________ (适应文化差异).
        
         
         

enone

　　Part  I  Writing
　　One possible version:
　　Vocational Choices
　　Vocational choices mean what kind of positions you want to take after graduation. Different people hold totally different attitudes towards vocational choices.
　　Some people want to take positions that are related to their majors, some not. Personally, I would prefer to work in an area that is closely related to my specialized knowledge. Why? Because applying what I have learned to practice gives me a sense of achievement.
　　There is no doubt that this sense of achievement could also be achieved through success in other areas, but in terms of vocational choices, a greater sense of achievement can be got in your own major. Whatever your view on vocational choices is, the first priority should be placed on comprehension of professional knowledge.

       Reading Comprehension　　(Skimming and Scanning)
　　1. A)。参见Online Learning Programs小标题下“Online degree programs follow much the same routines as traditional learning, with a few twists....”可知，网络教育项目在很多方面沿袭着传统的学习方式，但是还是有些许不同。比如说，如果举行讲座，你不必亲自到场参加就可以听到。
　　2. A)。题干问为什么有些学校在开始的时候要求有训练营?参见Online Learning Programs小标题下最后一段可知，在训练营中你会见到其他学生、指导老师以及其他辅助人员;你会学习如何使用技术，如何使用图书馆以及检索系统，并开始你的课程。
　　3. D)。参见Evaluating the Program小标题下第一个要注意的问题的相关内容可知，老师做讲座的方式应该认真考察一下，从哪些方面考察，哪些是比较好的方式呢?比如是否使用幻灯片，是否使用音频视频材料，讲座中间是否有互动，讲座是否只是以文本的形式挂在网上等等。
　　4. C)。参见Evaluating the Program小标题下列举的第一个要注意的问题的相关内容可知，如果以充满活力和创新的方式授课，那么主要内容可以更容易掌握。
　　5. B)。在线交流的关键问题是什么?参见Evaluating the Program小标题下列举的第二个要注意的问题的相关内容可知，考察一个在线交流的项目，关键是看这个项目是否设计或要求互动。
　　6. B)。参见The Employer’s View小标题下第三段第一句可知，越来越多的人获得网络教育学位，并在职场中使用这样的学位，雇主对他们所受教育的质量也开始更加信任了。
　　7. C)。参见文章最后一段可知，公司或企业渴望在员工身上找到的恰恰是自我激励和遵守纪律的品质。
　　8. development staff。参见Evaluating the Program小标题下第三个需要注意的问题的“A school that is dedicated to its online programs will have the development staff and the support staff to make it successful.”一句可以得出答案。
　　9. straightforward。参见Evaluating the Program小标题下第四个需要注意的问题的“This reputation, however, may not be as straightforward as you think.”一句可以得出答案。
　　10. adult students。参见Evaluating the Program小标题下最后一个需要注意的问题的“Students, particularly adult students, learn more by doing than by simply listening.”一句可以得出答案。
       (Reading in Depth)
　　Section A
　　11. C)。此处需要一个名词，固定搭配 by means of，意思是“通过……的方法”。
　　12. A)。此处需要一个动词，表示的意思是“了解”。
　　13. D)。此处需要一个副词，表示的意思是“仅仅”，所在句子的意思是“有些人仅仅因为觉得他人说话、思考的方式不同而对其文化感兴趣”。
　　14. F)。此处需要一个形容词，根据所在句子的意思“假设你是一个比较实际的人，那么你可能会对实际的价值比较感兴趣”，所以选择interested。
　　15. H)。此处需要一个形容词，意思是“有用的”。
　　16. B)。此处需要的是一个动词的过去分词形式，句子大意“这本书的主要写作内容并非学术理论，而是对一个公司所面临的实际问题的研究”。故选B)。
　　17. I)。此处需要的是一个名词，表示的意思是“边界”。故选I)。
　　18. G)。此处需要的是一个名词，也就是这篇文章所探讨的主题“文化”。故选G)。
　　19. L)。此处需要一个形容词，表示的意思是“重要”。所在句子大意是“如果你有意从事国际政治和外交方面的工作，了解不同的文化是非常重要的”。
　　20. K)。此处需要一个动词，表示的意思是“激励”。所在句子的意思是“如果以上因素都不能让你对学习文化感兴趣，那么你就把了解不同的文化当作是学习如何在地球村里与人友好相处”。
　　Section B
　　Passage One
　　21. B)。根据第一段“... the best way to protect yourself from contracting it or other infectious diseases is with a dose of common sense: Wash your hands frequently, cover your coughs and sneezes and stay home from work or school if you feel ill.”可知，保护自己远离swine flu或其他传染病的最好方法是掌握一些常识，比如：勤洗手，咳嗽或者打喷嚏的时候遮住口鼻，如果不舒服就待在家里不要出门。结合四个选项可以判断答案为B)。
　22. C)。根据第二段首句“These guidelines may seem basic, but they’re effective in warding off the spread of infections.”可知，这些方法看起来很简单，但是却可以有效防止传染病的扩散。结合四个选项可以判断答案是C)。
　　23. C)。根据第二段Richard Besser所说的话“Control of an outbreak of infectious disease is a shared responsibility. It’s important that individuals realize they have a key role to play in reducing their own likelihood of getting infected.”可知，控制传染病的传播每个人都应该担负起责任，C)选项表达的意思与文章内容相符。
　　24. D)。根据第五段“Swine flu is a virus that usually affects pigs but appears to have acquired the ability to pass from person to person, though it’s unclear how easily it can be transmitted this way. ”可知，swine flu通常在猪的身上发病，但是现在看来，已经开始在人类之间传播。故D)选项为正确答案。
　　25. C)。根据倒数第三段Richard Besser所说的话可知，虽然人们感觉带口罩比较放心，而且在某种环境下口罩确实起到一定作用，但是，在大多数情况下，在公共场所即使佩戴带口罩也起不到保护作用，所以，Richard Besser还是建议人们把预防的重点放在勤洗手以及打喷嚏和咳嗽时遮住鼻口上面。
        
         
         

enthree

　　Passage Two
　　26. B)。根据第二段“... ReCycle Bikes, a local community charity in Sheffield ...”可知，Recycle Bikes是一家社区慈善机构，该机构与城市委员会有一个合同，旨在为14到16岁的年轻人提供培训机会。结合四个选项可以判断答案为B)。
　　27. A)。根据第四段的首句可知，这家慈善机构最初主要是通过修理公众捐赠的破旧自行车，翻新卖出后获得运营经费。
　　28. A)。根据第五段首句可知，整个句子的意思是，大学生群体是一个很大的潜在消费市场，因此该慈善机构与Sheffield大学合作，在校园出售价格优惠的自行车。
　　29. C)。根据倒数第二、三两段可知，该慈善机构在成立之初只有Pearce一人，现在该机构已经发展成为拥有很多员工并有一定资源的组织。他们可以对完成培训的学员的职业发展进行跟进了解，而最初他们通常是通过侧面从学校了解一些情况。由此可以推断，最初他们不能做到跟进了解的原因是他们没有足够的能力(人力、财力)。
　　30. D)。根据文章最后一句Pearce的讲述可知，大部分孩子都骑过自行车，而且知道怎么给车链子上油、怎么修理最常见的损坏。自行车是一种价格不高的交通工具，而且骑自行车给人独立自由的感觉。同时骑自行车还有利于环保，无怪乎自行车销量增长，年轻人对修自行车感兴趣。
　Part IV Cloze
　　31. A)。此处需要一个代词，意思是“两者都”。
　　32. B)。此处需要一个名词，根据所在句子的意思可以推测出来，应该是father。
　　33. B)。此处需要一个副词，意思是“最终”，所在句子的意思是“最终他父亲一个人回到了肯尼亚”。
　　34. A)。此处需要一个动词，意思是“再婚”。
　　35. C)。此处需要一个动词，表达的意思是“讲述”。所在句子的意思是：奥巴马将印度尼西亚描述成一个草木繁茂但贫穷的热带国家。
　　36. B)。此处需要一个名词，参见上题解析，此处exposure表示的意思是“暴露于……之下”。
　　37. A)。此处需要一个动词过去分词，bring up的意思是“养大”。
　　38. B)。此处需要一个动词，根据空格后面的in a bank可以推断，此处应该用worked，意为“在银行工作”。
　　39. C)。此处需要一个名词，所在句子的意思是“尽管家庭条件不好，但是奥巴马还是考上了一所知名学校”。
　　40. D)。此处需要一个名词，此处考查的是固定短语on business，意思是“出差”。
　　41. C)。此处需要一个形容词，意思是“不可避免的”，所在句子的意思是“奥巴马上了哥伦比亚大学，却发现纽约的种族矛盾是不可避免的”。
　　42. C)。此处考查的是动词词组cope with, 所在句子的意思是“奥巴马成为社区的组织者，帮助穷人解决问题”。
　　43. A)。根据上文对奥巴马身世的介绍可知，他的生父是非洲人，所以奥巴马应该是非洲裔美国人。
　　44. D)。prestigious 表示的意思是“名望很大的”，所在句子的意思是“他拒绝了一个很好的在著名法院实习的机会，选择回到芝加哥，进行民权方面的实习”。
　45. D)。此处需要的是一个动词的现在分词，意思是“代表”。
　　46. B)。此处需要一个名词，表示的意思是“歧视”，所在句子的意思是“奥巴马回到芝加哥，代表住房、就业受歧视人群为他们申讨利益”。
　　47. A)。run在这里的意思是“竞选”，所在句子的上下文表达的意思是“奥巴马作为民主党的代表竞选州议员”。
　　48. B)。此处要表达的意思是“奥巴马作为民主党代表被选为美国国会议员”。
　　49. B)。此处需要的形容词的意思是“受到热烈欢迎的”，所在句子的意思是“奥巴马代表伊利诺伊州被选为国会议员之后，发表了振奋人心的主题演讲，该演讲大受欢迎，轰动全国”。
　　50. A)。run for 的意思是“竞选某个职位”，所在句子的意思是“2008年奥巴马作为民主党代表参选总统，并取得选举胜利”。
　　Part V Translation
　　51. regrets what he has done
　　52. show great interest in
　　53. To his disappointment
　　54. worth writing down
　　55. adapt to cultural differences