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名师详解语法易错题(09)

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发表于 2016-7-9 17:38:01 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  省略句错误
          省略是指在不影响句子意思明了、清楚的前提下,将句子中的某些成分省略掉,从而使所表达的内容更加紧凑和简洁。有时命题人将省略引入考试,或考查考生对省略句的理解,或以省略为干扰,考查其他相关知识点,等等,从而出现了不少所谓的“陷阱题”。同学们,你能正确理解这些省略句吗?你能将这些省略补充完整以助于分析吗?请看实例:
          ◇She’s too thin. She _________ gain some weight but she _________ too little.
          A. would, ate      B. will, eats        C. would, eats      D. will, ate
          你知道此题的最佳答案吗?你知道此题涉及什么样的省略吗?你会分析此题的省略与选择最佳答案的关系吗?请参见本节后面有关例题。
          ◇He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _________ to.
          A. spoken         B. speaking        C. speak          D. be spoken
          【分析】此题答案选A还是B,或是选C还是D?此题也涉及省略,你会补充完整吗?请看本节有关例题。
          ◇“I love you more than her, my dear.” “You mean more than _________love her or more thanshe loves _________?”
          A. you, me        B. she, you        C. I, me          D. I, you
          【分析】此题到底讲的是谁更爱谁?填空句有何省略?怎样补充完整?如何推出最佳答案?请看本节有关例题。
          ◇If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If _________, _________.
          A. not, not        B. no, no         C. not, no         D. no, not
          是 no 还是 not,是 not 还是 no?要想选对,当然应知道如何将补充完整,你会吗?请看本节有关例题。
          1. I want to improve my English, but I don’t know _________. What can you suggest?
          A. when          B. how           C. why           D. where
          【分析】此题应选 B,其余三项均有可能误选,其实此句为省略句,补完整应为 … but I don’tknow how to improve my English. 请看以下类似试题:
          (1) I think the door is locked, but I’d better go and make sure it _________.
          A. does           B. has            C. was           D. is
          答案选D,为 …and make sure it is locked. 之省略。
          (2) Dr Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can’t remember _________.
          A. where         B. there          C. which         D. that
          答案选C,为I can’t remember which city he comes from. 之省略。
          (3) Some of the answers were correct, but I don’t remember _________.
          A. where         B. what          C. which         D. that
          答案选C,I don’t remember which 后省略了 ones (were correct)。
          (3) He didn’t sell half as many computers as he thought he _________.
          A. had           B. was           C. would         D. sold
          答案选C,为He didn’t sell half as many computers as he thought he would sell. 之省略。
          (4) I touched the door to see if the paint was still wet, and it _________.
          A. did            B. was           C. had           D. might
          答案选B,为…and it was wet. 之省略。
          2. “What were you trying to prove to the police?” “_________ I was last night.”
          A. That          B. When         C. Where         D. What
          【分析】此题应选 C,其余三项均有可能误选,答句为省略句,其完整形式为 I was trying toprove to the police where I was last night. 。请看以下类似试题:
          (1) “What made her so happy?” “_________ her son passed the college entrance examinations.”
          A. That           B. 不填          C. Since          D. For
          【分析】此题选A,为That her son passed the college entrance examinations made her so happy. 之省略。
          (2) “What made you so upset?” “_________ my wallet.”
          A. Lost           B. Losing         C. Having lost      D. Being lost
          【分析】此题选B,为 Losing my wallet made me so upset. 之省略。
          (3) “What did she tell you?” “_________ she would be late”
          A. That           B. When          C. Where         D. Whether
          【分析】此题选A,为 She told me that would be late. 之省略。
          (4) “What did he ask you?” “_________ I would be late.”
          A. That           B. When          C. Where         D. Whether
          【分析】此题选D,为 He asked me whether I would be late. 之省略。
          3. If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If _________, _________.
          A. not, not        B. no, no         C. not, no        D. no, not
          【分析】此题应选A。If not, not. 为 If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go. 全句意为“如果天气好, 我们就去;如果天气不好,我们就不去”。该句的特点是:后句与前句的用词和句式完全相同, 只是前句为肯定,后句为否定,为了简洁起见, 于是将后句与前句相同部分省略,只保留否定词 not。又如:
          If it is cheap, I’ll buy it. If not, not. 如果这东西便宜,我就买;如果不便宜,我就不买。
          If you study hard, you’ll succeed. If not, not. 你若努力,你就会成功;你若不努力,你就不会成功。
          If you start at once, you’ll catch the train. If not, not. 你若马上动身,你就会赶上火车;你若不马上动身,你就赶不上火车了。
          请再看以下例子(只保留否定词not)。如:
          “Can you repair it yourself?” “I am afraid not.” “你自己会修吗?”“恐怕不行。”(=I am afraid I can'trepair it myself.)
          “Did you know anything about it?” “Not until you told me.” “这事你以前知道吗?”“你告诉我才知道。”(=I didn't know anything about it until you told me.)
          “Will it rain today?” “I hope not.” “今天会下雨吗?”“希望不会。”(=I hope it will not rain today.)
          4. “She’s not a dancing teacher, is she?” “_________.”
          A. Yes, and she isn’t                B. Yes, but she was
          C. No, but she isn’t D. No, but she was
          【分析】此题最佳答案为D,可视为 No, she isn’t. But she was a dancing teacher. 之省略,即其意为“她现在不是舞蹈教师,但她过去是”。此题也可以是 No, but she used to be.
          5. She’s too thin. She _________ gain some weight but she _________ too little.
          A. would, ate      B. will, eats       C. would, eats     D. will, ate
          【分析】此题有些难度,许多同学不知如何分析。我们先根据题目所提供的选项将句意大致勾出来:她太瘦了。她会增加体重的,但她吃得太少了。根据句首 She’s too thin 这一所给信息可知,“她瘦”应是客观事实。按照一般的常识,“吃得少”就会引致“瘦”,“吃得多”就会导致“胖”,由于根据句首的信息,“她瘦”是客观事实,所以她“吃得少”也应是事实,所以第二空应填 eats(即用一般现在时表示客观事实)。根据上面的分析:“她瘦”和“她吃得少”均为客观事实,那么“她体重会增加”就应是假设(注意句中的转折连词 but),所以第一空应填 would,其实,此句可理解其后省略了一个条件状语 if she ate more (如果她多吃一点的话)。此题最佳答案选C。
            
            
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发表于 2016-7-9 18:28:18 | 显示全部楼层

          6. “I like you more than her, my dear.” “You mean more than _________love her or more than she loves _________?”
          A. you, me        B. she, you        C. I, me          D. I, you
          做对此题的关键是要弄清填空句是个省略句,补充完整为 Youmean that you love me more than you love her or that youlove me more than she loves me? 句意为“你是说你爱我胜过你爱她,还是说你爱我胜过她爱我?”,所以答案应选A。
          7. “Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?” “I _________, but I had an unexpected visitor.”
          A. had           B. would          C. was going to    D. did
          【分析】此题应选C,为 I was going to come 之省略,意为“我本来是打算来的”,这与其后 but Ihad an unexpected visitor 的语境刚好吻合。注意不能选 would,因为它没有“打算”之意。
          8. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _________ to.
          A. spoken        B. speaking       C. speak         D. be spoken
          【分析】此题容易误B,认为until 是介词,后接动词时用动名词形式。其实,此题应选A,untilspoken to 为 until he is spoken to 之省略。句意为“他是个沉默寡言的人,别人不同他说话,他很少同别人说话”。按英语习惯,一些表示时间、地点、条件、方式、 让步等的状语从句,若其主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语包含动词be, 那么可将从句的主语和动词be省略:
          You must study hard while (you are) young, or you will regret when (you are) old. 趁年轻时要努力学习,不然到老了你会后悔的。
          I won't go unless (I am) invited. 我不会去, 除非请我。
          Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the streets. 过马路时要注意汽车。
          While (I was) waiting I was reading some old magazines. 等的时候我在看一些旧杂志。
          He worked very hard though (he was) still rather poor in health. 尽管身体还不好,但他仍努力工作。
          He will work hard wherever (he is) sent by the Party. 无论党把他派往哪里,他都会努力工作。
          请再看两道试题:
          (1) If carefully _________, the experiment will be successful.
          A. do            B. does           C. done          D. doing
          答案选C,可视为 if it is carefully done 之省略。
          (2) The research is so designed that once _________ nothing can be done to change it.
          A. begins         B. having begun     C. beginning       D. begun
          答案选D,可视为 once it is begun 之省略。
          9. In that month, he earned as much as, if _________ than, $40 000.
          A. no more       B. not more       C. no much       D. not much
          【分析】此题最佳答案为B。if not more than 为 if he didn’t earn more than $40000 之省略。请看类似试题(答案均选B):
          1. Her pronunciation is as good as, if _________ than, her teacher's.
          A. no better        B. not better       C. no good        D. not good
          2. This church is as old as, if _________ than, that one.
          A. no older        B. not older        C. no old         D. not old
          3. He has read the book as many as, if_________ than, five times.
          A. no more        B. not more        C. no much        D. not much
          10. In some western countries, the rich are becoming richer, and _________.
          A. the poor the poor B. poor poor     C. the poor poorer D. poorer the poor
          【分析】此题应选C。句子后半部分为…and the poor are becoming poorer 之省略。句意为“在有 些西方国家,富人变得更富,而穷人则变得更穷”。句中的 the rich 指“富人”,the poor 指“穷人”。按英语习惯,若前后两句谓语动词相同,则后句通常可承前省略。又如:
          He is a teacher and his wife a nurse. 他是老师,他妻子是护士。(...his wife a nurse=...his wife is anurse)
          John won the first race and Mick the second. 约翰赢了第一场比赛,米克赢了第二场比赛。(... andMick the second = ...and Mick won the second race)
          In the accident the son was wounded, but the mother killed. 在事故中,儿子受伤,母亲丧命。(...but the mother killed=...but the mother was killed)
          有时若后句的主语和宾语等与前句相同,也可一起省去:
          He did it and quite successfully too at the beginning. 他这样做了,而且一开始就很成功。(=He didit and he did it quite successfully too at the beginning.)
          11. “What have you been doing?” “_________ television.”
          A. Watch         B. Watching       C. Having watched D. Watched
          最佳答案选B,为 I have been watching television. 之省略。又如:
          (1) “What have you been doing?” “_________.”
          A. Swim          B. Swimming      C. To swim       D. Swam
          答案选B,为 I’ve been swimming. 之省略。
          (2) “Has he been crying?” “No, _________.”
          A. laugh          B. laughing        C. To laugh        D. laughed
          答案选B,为 He has been laughing. 之省略。
          比较以下各题:
          (1) “What is he going to do with that?” “_________ fish.”
          A. Catch          B. Catching        C. Having caught    D. Caught
          答案选A,为 He is going to catch fish. 之省略。
          (2) What should he have done?” “_________ the police.”
          A. Told           B. Tell           C. Telling         D. To tell
          答案选A,为 He should have told the police. 之省略。
          12. “Would you like to come for a walk with me?” “I’d prefer _________, thank you.”
          A. not to         B. to not         C. not           D. can’t
          答案选A,I’d prefer not to 为 I’d prefer not to come for walk 之省略。注意,在该省略结构中,用以代表不定式的 to 不宜省去。请看类例:
          (1) “Shall I give the dog a chocolate?” “It’s better _________.”
          A. not to          B. to not          C. don’t          D. can’t
          答案选A,为It’s better not to give the dog a chocolate 之省略。注意,不定式的否定式要将not 置于不定式符号to 之前,而不是之后。
          (2) I would mend your radio, but I don’t know _________.
          A. how           B. to             C. how to         D. to how
          答案选C,为 but I don’t know how to mend it. 之省略。
          (3) Why didn’t you come at eight? You were _________.
          A. told           B. told to         C. telling to        D. to tell
          答案选B,为 You were told to come at eight. 之省略。
          (4) We should like Jane to get a good degree, but we don’t really expect _________.
          A. to            B. her to          C. to her          D. her
          答案选B,为 but we don’t really expect her to get a good degree. 之省略。
          13. They are different in form but _________ in meaning.
          A. not           B. no            C. aren’t         D. don’t
          答案选A,but not in meaning为 but they are not different in meaning 之省略。请看类例:
          (1) In the accident the child was hurt, but the mother _________.
          A. killing          B. to kill          C. killed          D. kill
          答案选C,but the mother killed 为 but the mother was killed 之省略。
          (2) The apartment’s fine for two people, but _________.
          A. no more        B. no any         C. not more       D. not any
          答案选C,but not more 为 but it is not fine for more than two people 之省略。
          14 “Everyone says you are a good student. You never sleep in class, do you?” “_________.”
          A. Yes, never      B. Yes, sometimes  C. No, sometimes D. Oh, really
          答案选B,答句是对针对 You never sleep in class, do you? 这一问句来回答的,Yes, sometimes 为 Yes, I do. Sometimes I sleep in class 之省略,其意为“不,上课有时睡觉”。其余几项不合语境。请看类例:
          (1) “You’ve never been to the village, have you?” “_________. It is the most beautiful village I’veever seen.”
          A. No, never       B. No, I have      C. No, only once    D. Yes, only once
          答案选D,Yes, only once 为 Yes, I have. But I’ve been there only once. 之省略,句意为“不,我去过,但只去过一次”。注意句末的 It is the most beautiful village I’ve ever seen. 表明“我”去过那儿,所以不能选A。
        (编辑:何莹莹)
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