傅莹在《外交政策》撰文：中国为什么对南海仲裁说不?

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        　　对于南海仲裁案，我们的立场是"不接受、不参与、不承认、不执行"，英文怎么说，你知道吗?今天小编整理了南海仲裁案的英语学习材料，一个大大的文件夹，资料都是中英文对照的哟!接下来傅莹在《外交政策》的这篇英文撰文《中国为什么对南海仲裁说不》就是其中的一篇，爱国爱英语的你，赶紧跟上节奏学起来~~
        　　The Hague tribunal in the much-discussed South China Sea arbitration case
between China and the Philippines has notified the world that it will issue a
final verdict on July 12. Many Western countries seem to think they already know
the result of the arbitration — that China will lose. They have already started
urging China to accept the ruling. But Beijing’s position is clear: no
acceptance, no participation, no recognition, and no implementation. There is
solid international legal basis for China to oppose this case. And by doing so,
China is not only safeguarding its national interests, but also protecting the
integrity and legitimacy of the international maritime order.
        　　菲律宾单方提起的南海仲裁案备受关注，海牙仲裁庭已经宣布将于7月12日公布最终裁决结果。许多西方国家似乎提前知晓，南海仲裁结果将对中国不利，早早开始敦促中国接受裁决。然而中方对南海仲裁的立场十分明确：不接受、不参与、不承认、不执行。中国反对南海仲裁案，具有充分的国际法理依据，这样做不但是在维护国家利益，也是在捍卫国际海洋秩序的完整性与合法性。
        　　重点表达学起来
        　　海牙仲裁庭：The Hague tribunal
        　　南海仲裁案：the South China Sea arbitration case between China and the
Philippines/ the arbitration/ this case
        　　南海仲裁结果：a final verdict/ the result of the arbitration/ the ruling/ the
proceedings
        　　不接受、不参与、不承认、不执行：no acceptance, no participation, no recognition, and no
implementation
        　　中国立场明确：Beijing's position is clear
        　　具有充分的国际法理依据：solid international legal basis
        　　维护国家利益：safeguarding national interests
        　　捍卫国际海洋秩序的完整性与合法性：protecting the integrity and legitimacy of the
international maritime order
        　　Why does China refuse to accept and participate in the proceedings of this
tribunal, being heard at the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague?
Because China, as a sovereign state, is entitled to choose its preferred means
of dispute resolution—a legitimate right under international law. Moreover, the
Philippines' case is inherently flawed and illegitimated by such irregularities
as the country' s abuse of the dispute settlement procedures, its distortion of
concepts, and its deliberate disguise of the real nature of the disputes.
        　　中国为什么拒绝接受和参与由海牙常设仲裁法院受理的南海仲裁案?因为中国作为一个主权国家，有权根据自身偏好选择解决争端的方式，这是国际法赋予主权国家的合法权利。此外，菲律宾单方提起的仲裁案当中，存在滥用争端解决程序，偷换概念，刻意掩盖争议实质等诸多问题，导致仲裁案本身存在缺陷，缺乏合法性。
        　　重点表达学起来
        　　审理/受理：be heared
        　　海牙常设仲裁法院：the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague
        　　主权国家：a sovereign state
        　　根据自身偏好选择解决争端的方式：choose its preferred means of dispute resolution
        　　国际法赋予的合法权利：a legitimate right under international law
        　　本身存在缺陷：be inherently flawed
        　　偷换概念：distortion of concepts
        　　缺乏合法性：be illegitimated
            
            

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        　　The Philippines' arbitration relates to the dispute over the sovereignty of
islands and reefs in the South China Sea, and to maritime delimitation. But
these territorial issues are not regulated by — and therefore beyond the scope
of — the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). And in 2006, China
declared it would exclude "disputes concerning maritime delimitation" from
compulsoryarbitration, under Article 298 of UNCLOS. Second, the Philippines'
unilateral initiation of compulsory arbitration did not meet UNCLOS
preconditions for such initiation. The "no arbitration without the existence of
a dispute" principle requires that before resorting to compulsory arbitration,
there must have existed a real dispute between the parties. However, China has
not yet presented specific claims with individual islands: Instead, it has
always treated them as part of its Zhongsha Islands or Nansha Islands in the
South China Sea.
        　　菲律宾提起的仲裁诉求，涉及与中国一些岛礁争议，以及海洋划界问题。这些与领土主权相关的问题不属于《联合国海洋法公约》调整范围。2006年，中国依《联合国海洋法公约》第298条提交了"有关海域划界的纠纷"的排除性声明。其次，菲律宾单方面提起的强制仲裁不符合《联合国海洋法公约》规定的前置条件。根据"无争议不仲裁"的原则，在提起强制仲裁之前，当事方之间就仲裁事项必须确实存在争议。然而，菲律宾在仲裁提出关于单个岛礁的法律地位问题，而中国从未就单个岛礁主张海洋权益：而是一直将诸岛视为南海中沙群岛和南沙群岛的组成部分。
        　　重点表达学起来
        　　岛礁：islands and reefs
        　　海洋划界：maritime delimitation
        　　《联合国海洋法公约》：the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
        　　不符合《联合国海洋法公约》规定的前置条件：did not meet UNCLOS preconditions for such
initiation
        　　无争议不仲裁：no arbitration without the existence of a dispute
        　　中沙群岛和南沙群岛：Zhongsha Islands or Nansha Islands
        　　UNCLOS also stipulates that the Philippines must exchange views related to
the arbitration over the dispute with China. But the Philippines has never
consulted with China on the subject matters of the arbitration. And it was not
telling the truth when it reported an "impasse" with China in "the bilateral
exchanges" and "the great many subsequent exchanges." In fact, it was China that
tried in vain to engage in meaningful dialogue with the Philippines.
        　　《联合国海洋法公约》还规定，在提起仲裁之前，相关方必须充分交换意见。但菲律宾从来没有就仲裁事项与中国协商过。菲方还错误地宣称，与中国的"双边磋商"以及"后续的多次沟通"都陷入了"僵滞"。但事实上，是中方屡屡尝试与菲方进行有意义的沟通，但得不到回应。
        　　重点表达学起来
        　　充分交换意见：exchange views
        　　仲裁事项：the subject matters of the arbitration
        　　Therefore, the Philippines’ unilateral initiation of arbitration has fallen
short of meeting the UNCLOS conditions. Besides, by unilaterally initiating the
arbitration, the Philippines has violated an earlier agreement it reached with
China: Both countries previously stated their commitment to
bilateralnegotiations and consultations as the means to settle disputes.
        　　因此，菲律宾单方面提起仲裁，不满足《联合国海洋法公约》的前置条件。此外，通过单方面发提仲裁，菲律宾也违反了早先与中国达成的共识：两国此前曾承诺，以双边谈判和协商为手段解决争议。
        　　重点表达学起来
        　　菲律宾单方面提起仲裁：the Philippines' unilateral initiation of arbitration
        　　不满足《联合国海洋法公约》的前置条件：fall short of meeting the UNCLOS conditions
        　　解决争议：settle /resolve disputes
        　　南海问题白皮书相关重点英文表达学起来~~
        　　南海诸岛是中国固有领土
        　　Nanhai Zhudao are China's Inherent Territory
        　　中国始终坚定维护在南海的领土主权和海洋权益。
        　　China has always been resolute in upholding its territorial sovereignty and
maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea.
        　　中国南海诸岛包括东沙群岛、西沙群岛、中沙群岛和南沙群岛。
            
            

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        　　China's Nanhai Zhudao (the South China Sea Islands) consist of Dongsha
Qundao (the Dongsha Islands), Xisha Qundao (the Xisha Islands), Zhongsha Qundao
(the Zhongsha Islands) and Nansha Qundao (the Nansha Islands).
        　　中国人民自古以来在南海诸岛和相关海域生活和从事生产活动。
        　　The Chinese people have since ancient times lived and engaged in production
activities on Nanhai Zhudao and in relevant waters.
        　　中国始终坚持通过双边谈判协商和平解决南海问题。
        　　China remains committed to peaceful resolution of disputes in the South
China Sea through negotiations and consultations with countries directly
concerned.
        　　Why does China find it impossible to recognize and implement the tribunal’s
upcoming decision? Although Article 288(4) of UNCLOS stipulates that the
tribunal should decide whether it has jurisdiction, the application of this
provision is not unconditional. Indeed, there is no such thing as absolute power
in international law. This tribunal, whose authority and power are conferred by
states, is an international dispute settlement mechanism under UNCLOS. If the
tribunal abuses its power, China — along with any other members in the
international community — would have the right to reject its decisions. And in
this case, the tribunal has acted in a reckless and arbitrary fashion. In doing
so, it has violated the basic principles of international rule of law and
undermined China’s and other nations’ faith in UNCLOS.
        　　为什么中国“不承认、不执行”仲裁庭即将作出的裁决?尽管《公约》288(4)条款规定，仲裁庭有权决定自身管辖权，但是该条款的适用不是无条件的。国际法中不存在所谓“绝对权力”，仲裁庭作为《公约》制度下的一个国际争端解决机制，其权威和权力是所有缔约国让渡的。如果仲裁庭滥用权力，包括中国乃至国际社会有权拒绝接受裁决。我们不难看到，仲裁庭在该案的审理过程中过度任性，明显违反国际法治基本准则，动摇中国和其他国家对《公约》的信心。
        　　We don’t yet know the outcome, but we do know that the tribunal failed to
fully understand and investigate the real dispute between China and the
Philippines. It disregarded the essence and purpose of the Filipino claims in
filing the case, deliberately regarding it as a mere issue of the interpretation
and application of UNCLOS — but in fact, the submissions handled are far beyond
this scope. There is deep concern in China that the tribunal is failing to
consider the specific geographical framework and situation in the South China
Sea where the maritime claims of the two countries potentially overlap.
        　　虽然我们还不知道最终结果，但可以确信，仲裁庭在管辖权裁决中没有了解和确认中菲间存在的争议是什么，忽视菲律宾提起该案的目的和诉求的实质，刻意将其视为纯粹的《公约》解释和适用问题，而实际处置的内容又远远超出这个范畴。另外，中方高度关切，仲裁庭未考虑南海的特定地理框架和海洋划界态势，也就是中菲两国在相关海域的海洋权益主张上是有重叠的。
        　　I hope it is not hard to understand why China has decided not to recognize
and implement the tribunal’s ruling. More than 60 countries have voiced their
support for China’s position on resolving the South China Sea issue through
negotiations and consultations. China, as a state party to UNCLOS, supports and
respects the treaty’s principles and spirit. What China opposes is not UNCLOS
and compulsory arbitration, but the tribunal’s abuse of power in handling the
case.
        　　鉴于上述，中方做出“不承认、不执行”的决定应是不难理解的。目前，已有60多个国家公开支持中国关于通过协商谈判解决南海争议的立场，不少专家开始质疑仲裁庭的程序问题。中国作为《公约》的缔约方，支持和尊重其原则和精神，我们反对的不是《公约》和强制仲裁机制本身，而是仲裁庭在审理此案中的滥权行为。
        　　Today, most disputes are resolved through negotiations between the
countries directly involved. Theprerequisite for such negotiations, whether
bilateral or multilateral, is the agreement or consent of those countries.
China’s claim and position in the arbitration case are consistent with the basic
spirit of international law, as well as state practice in international
relations.
        　　当今世界上绝大部分争端都是由直接当事国之间通过谈判协商解决的。无论是双边、多边谈判，还是通过国际机制解决，其前提都是要直接当事国达成协议或者形成共识。中国对此案的主张和立场符合国际法的基本精神和国际关系实践。
        　　This arbitration cannot resolve the disputes between China and the
Philippines in the South China Sea. Instead, it will only increase tensions and
undermine peace and stability in the region. If the coastal countries in the
South China Sea region do not intend to aggravate tensions, they have to return
to the path of seeking resolution through negotiation. China and the countries
in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have agreed to handle the
issue through a dual-track approach — in other words, to resolve disputes
through peaceful negotiations. Consultations on the code of conduct in the South
China Sea region are making progress. The momentum should not be
interrupted.
        　　仲裁解决不了中菲在南海的争议，只会刺激对立情绪，损害地区和平与稳定。南海沿岸存在争议的国家如不打算激化矛盾，总还需要回到双边谈判解决争议的轨道上来。中国和东盟国家现在都支持通过“双轨思路”处理南海问题，即直接当事国通过友好协商谈判寻求和平解决争议，中国与东盟国家共同维护南海和平稳定。商谈“南海各方行为准则”的努力也已取得先期成果。这个势头不应被中断。
        　　As President Xi Jinping said, China is committed to upholding international
justice and is opposed to forcing one’s will upon other people. The handling of
the South China Sea issue has a bearing on justice as well as peace and
stability. Countries in this region need to work together to build rules-based
cooperation. The international community should support the efforts made by
China and other littoral states to manage and resolve disputes in a peaceful
manner, respect China’s choice of using negotiations as the means to settle
disputes, and protect the legitimacy and fairness of international mechanisms —
especially UNCLOS.
        　　习近平主席指出，中国坚持维护国际公平正义，反对把自己的意志强加于人。南海问题的处理事关和平稳定，也事关公平正义。本地区的国家需要共同努力，建立基于规则的合作机制。国际社会应支持中国和其他南海沿岸国以和平方式管控和解决争议所做的努力，尊重中国以谈判解决分歧的选择，维护国际机制特别是《公约》的合法性和公正性。