新东方严黎黎：2014年12月英语六级仔细阅读解析

英语自学网

　　
        　　Passage one
        　　It is easy to miss amid the day-to-day headlines of global economic recession, but there is a less conspicuous kind of social upheaval(剧变)underway that is fast altering both the face of the planet and the way human beings live. That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization. In 2008, for the first time in human history, more than half the world’s population was living in towns and cities. And as a recently published paper shows, the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come-with an enormous impact on biodiversity and potentially on climate change.
        　　As Karen Seto, the led author of the paper, points out, the wave of urbanization isn’t just about the migration of people into urban environments, but about the environments themselves becoming bigger to accommodate all those people. The rapid expansion of urban areas will have a huge impact on biodiversity hotspots and on carbon emissions in those urban areas.
        　　Humans are the ultimate invasive species-when the move into new territory, the often displace the wildlife that was already living there. And as land is cleared for those new cities-especially in the dense tropical forests-carbon will be released into the atmosphere as well. It’s true that as people in developing nations move from the countryside to the city, the shift may reduce the pressure on land, which could in turn be good for the environment. This is especially so in desperately poor countries, where residents in the countryside slash and burn forests each growing season to clear space for farming. But the real difference is that in developing nations, the move from rural areas to cities often leads to an accompanying increase in income - and that increase leads to an increase in the consumption of food and energy, which in turn causes a rise in carbon emissions. Getting enough to eat and enjoying the safety and comfort of living fully on the grid is certainly a good thing - but it does carry an environmental price.
        　　The urbanization wave can’t be stopped - and it shouldn’t be. But Seto’s paper does underscore the importance of managing that transition. If we do it the right way, we can reduce urbanization’s impact on the environment. “There’s an enormous opportunity here, and a lot of pressure and responsibility to think about how we urbanize,” says Seto. “One thing that’s clear is that we can’t build cities the way we have over the last couple of hundred years. The scale of this transition won’t allow that.” We’re headed towards an urban planet no matter what, but whether it becomes heaven or hell is up to us.
        　　56. What issue does the author try to draw people’s attention to?
        　　A. The shrinking biodiversity worldwide.
        　　B. The rapid increase of world population.
        　　C. The ongoing global economic recession.
        　　D. The impact of accelerating urbanization.
        　　正确答案：问题什么问题是作者想要人们关注的。其实也就是回到文中找出作者重点在谈论的话题是什么。首段第一句是阅读重点，重点看but之后，提到有一种不是那么明显的剧变。而第二句的That change明确说明第一句中提到的剧变是什么。That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization. 就是城市化的加速。选项中找到城市化加速的话题就可以选择了。所以正确答案是 D. The impact of accelerating urbanization.
        　　错误选项：3个干扰选项都是拿文中出现的个别词来混淆大家。A选项中的全世界生物多样性的减少。Biodiversity 在原文第一段的最后一句，说的是城市化会对biodiversity造成影响，但并没有明确说明是减少。B 世界人口快速增长，文中定位到第三句提到 population，但说的是城市人口增加。C 持续的全球经济衰退。Recession出现在第一句话，指的是显而易见的变化，出现在but前，并不是作者所要重点强调的话题。
        　　57. In what sense are humans the ultimate invasive species?
        　　A. They are much greedier than other species.
        　　B. They are a unique species born to conquer.
        　　C. They force other species out of their territories.
        　　D. They have an urge to expand their living space.
        　　正确答案：根据关键词“ultimate invasive species”回到文章中进行定位，定位到第三段第一句：Humans are the ultimate invasive species-when the move into new territory, the often displace the wildlife that was already living there. 破折号后的句子就是对前一句进行解释，所以答案就在破折号之后。当人们进入新的领地的时候，那些wildlife被移走了。而选项中只有C提到了他们将其他生物赶出领地。所以答案是C. They force other species out of their territories.
        　　错误选项：A 他们比其他生物更贪婪。无中生有。B 人类是特殊的物种，天性就是征服。无中生有。D 他们有种扩张生存空间的欲望。无中生有。
        　　58. In what way is urbanization in poor countries good for the environment?
        　　A. More land will be preserved for wildlife.
        　　B. The pressure on farmland will be lessened.
        　　C. Carbon emissions will be considerably reduced.
        　　D. Natural resources will be used more effectively.
        　　正确答案：根据poor countries 和 environment进行定位，定位到第二段第三句， It’s true that as people in developing nations move from the countryside to the city, the shift may reduce the pressure on land, which could in turn be good for the environment. 人们从农村迁移到城市会减少对土地的压力。马上能够选出正确答案是　B. The pressure on farmland will be lessened.
        　　错误选项：均是无中生有。
        　　59. What does the author say about living comfortably in the city?
        　　A. It incurs a high environmental price.
        　　B. It brings poverty and insecurity to an end.
        　　C. It causes a big change in people’s lifestyle.
        　　D. It narrows the gap between city and country.
        　　正确答案：根据living comfortably 和city 进行定位，可以定位到第三段最后一句。Getting enough to eat and enjoying the safety and comfort of living fully on the grid is certainly a good thing - but it does carry an environmental price.重点在but后，它会付出环境的代价，可以快速定位到正确答案：A. It incurs a high environmental price.
        　　错误选项：均是无中生有。
        　　60. What can be done to minimize the negative impact of urbanization according to Seto?
        　　A. Slowing down the speed of transition.
        　　B. Innovative use of advanced technology.
        　　C. Appropriate management of the process.
        　　D. Enhancing people’s sense of responsibility.
        　　正确答案：根据关键词seto和minimize the negative impact of urbanization进行定位，But Seto’s paper does underscore the importance of managing that transition.定位到最后一段的第二句，重点在but.第三句If we do it the right way, we can reduce urbanization’s impact on the environment. reduce urbanization’s impact on the environment 是对minimize the negative impact of urbanization的改写，而前面说的If we do it the right way如果我们可以正确的来做。可见答案就是but之后，强调管理的重要性。而提到管理问题的只有C。正确答案：C. Appropriate management of the process.
            
            

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        　　Passage Two
        　　When Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg launched the facebook.com in Feb. 2004, even he could not imagine the forces it would let loose. His intent was to connect college students. Facebook, which is what this website rapidly evolved into, ended up connecting the world.
        　　To the children of this connected era, the world is one giant social network. They are not bound - as were previous generations of humans - by what they were taught. They are only limited by their curiosity and ambition. During my childhood, all knowledge was local. You learned everything you knew from your parents, teachers, preachers, and friends.
        　　With the high-quality and timely information at their fingertips, today’s children are rising normally tame middle class is speaking up against social ills. Silicon Valley executives are being shamed into adding women to their boards. Political leaders are marshalling the energy of millions for elections and political causes. All of this is being done with social media technologies that Facebook and its competitors set free.
        　　As does every advancing technology, social media has created many new problems. It is commonly addictive and creates risks for younger users. Social media is used by extremists in the Middle East and elsewhere to seek and brainwash recruits. And it exposes us and our friends to disagreeable spying. We may leave our lights on in the house when we are on vacation, but through social media we tell criminals exactly where we are, when we plan to return home, and how to blackmail(敲诈)us.
        　　Governments don’t need informers any more. Social media allows government agencies to spy on their own citizens. We record our thoughts, emotions, likes and dislikes on Facebook; we share our political views, social preferences, and plans. We post intimate photographs of ourselves. No spy agency or criminal organization could actively gather the type of data that we voluntarily post for them.
        　　The marketers are also seeing big opportunities. Amazon is trying to predict what we will order. Google is trying to judge our needs and wants based on our social-media profiles. We need to be aware of the risks and keep working to alleviate the dangers.
        　　Regardless of what social media people use, one thing is certain: we are in a period of accelerating change. The next decade will be even more amazing and unpredictable than the last. Just as no one could predict what would happen with social media in the last decade, no one can accurately predict where this technology will take us. I am optimistic, however, that a connected humanity will find a way to uplift itself.
        　　61. What was the purpose of Facebook when it was first created?
        　　A. To help students connect with the outside world.
        　　B. To bring university students into closer contact.
        　　C. To help students learn to live in a connected era.
        　　D. To combine the world into an integral whole.
        　　正确答案：关键词Facebook，first created和purpose.定位到第一段的第二句，His intent was to connect college students. Intent是对purpose的同义改写。他的目的是为了让大学学生互相联系。而提到学生之间互相联系的只有B。所以正确答案是B. To bring university students into closer contact.
        　　错误选项：A，提到connect，但是A是与外界联系。C.帮助学生学习如何在互相联系的时代生活。无中生有。D 让事件统一一体化。没提及。
        　　62. What difference does social media make to learning?
        　　A. Local knowledge and global knowledge will merge.
        　　B. Student will become more curious and ambitious.
        　　C. People are able to learn wherever they travel.
        　　D. Sources of information are greatly expanded.
        　　正确答案：根据social media 进行定位。可以定位到第三段的最后一句。All of this is being done with social media technologies that Facebook and its competitors set free.所有这些都是social media所做。所以阅读的重点就是前面提及的内容。前三句分别提到正是因为高质量和及时的信息，使得中产阶级的孩子开始来批判社会的弊端，而并列结构只需要看懂其中之一就可以。可知消息的广泛传播使得人们的生活开始发生了变化。所以很快定位可以得出答案是D. Sources of information are greatly expanded.
        　　错误选项：A 当地的和全球的信息将会融合。B 学生们变得更加地好奇和有雄心。只是第二段提到学生们受到了好奇和雄心的限制，但在第三段并没有说他们更有好奇和雄心了。C 不管人们到哪旅行都可以学习。无中生有。
        　　63. What is the author’s greatest concern with social media technology?
        　　A. Individuals and organizations may use it for evil purposes.
        　　B. Government will find it hard to protect classified information.
        　　C. People may disclose their friends’ information unintentionally.
        　　D. People’s attention will be easily distracted from their work in hand.
        　　正确选项：关键词 greatest concern来查找。在我们的六级阅读冲刺班中给大家讲过，当文章中出现concern，problem等词，回到文章中去找否定和消极的信息。根据题文同序定位到第四段第一句，As does every advancing technology, social media has created many new problems. New problem就相当于concern。接下来文中分别举了中东组织使用信息技术洗脑，并且会将我们和朋友的信息被人侦查到，并且会被人敲诈。首先提到的是组织，再是个人，说明在两方面都存在着担忧。而选项中提到组织和个人两方面的只有A。正确答案：A. Individuals and organizations may use it for evil purposes.
        　　错误选项：均是无中生有。
        　　64. What do businesses use social media for?
        　　A. Creating a good corporate image.
        　　B. Conducting large-scale market surveys.
        　　C. Anticipating the needs of customers.
        　　D. Minimizing possible risks and dangers.
        　　正确选项：根据关键词business进行定位，发现很难定位，但是第五段重点在讲政府，而第六段的The marketers可以知道是在讲商业方面的，接下来可以看到市场营销者看到了更大的机会，比如亚马逊想要预测人们的选择，google想要通过基于社会媒体的侧写，判断我们的需求，并且最后一句还提到这个减少危险性。可见商业界都用social media 在进行市场调查，得出顾客的需求，规避可能的奉献。而符合这个概括的只有B 中的market surveys.正确答案：B. Conducting large-scale market surveys.
        　　错误选项：A 无中生有。C 只是提到其中的一个方面，不够全面。D和C一样，只提到其中一方面，不够全面。
        　　65. What does the author think of social media as a whole?
        　　A. It will enable human society to advance at a faster pace.
        　　B. It will pose a grave threat to our traditional ways of life.
        　　C. It is bound to bring about another information revolution.
        　　D. It breaks down the final barriers in human communication.
        　　正确选项：题文同序定位到最后一段。前两句都在说social media 对人类的影响难以精确预测，但在最后，最后一句中however 是非常重要的一个提示词。作者表明自己的态度是非常乐观的，互相联接的人类会找到一个自我提升的方式。只有A选项中提到人类社会的自我提升。正确选项：A. It will enable human society to advance at a faster pace.
        　　错误选项：B 看到threat就可以知道和作者的态度optimistic完全背道而驰，一定错。C 注定会带来另一场信息革命，文中没有提及，并且注定也过于绝对。D 它打破了人们交流的最后的障碍。文中无提及，并且也是过于绝对了。