Looking at the basic biology systems, the world is not doing very well. Yet
economic indicators show the world is prospering. Despite a slow start at the
beginning of the eighties, global economic output increased by more than a fifth
during the decade. The economy grew, trade increased, and millions of new jobs
were created. How can biological indicators show the opposite of economic
indicators?
The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no
difference between resources uses that sustain progress and those uses that will
hurt it. The main measure of economic progress is the gross national product
(GNP). In simple terms, this totals the value of all goods and services produced
and subtracts loss in value of factories and equipment. Developed a half-century
ago, GNP helped establish a common way among countries of measuring change in
economic output. For some time, this seemed to work reasonably well, but serious
weakness are now appearing. As indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of
factories and equipment, but it does not take into account the loss of natural
resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources
such as forests.
This basic fault can produce a misleading sense of national economic
health. According to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forest actually do
better than those that preserve their forest. The trees cut down are counted as
income but no subtraction is made for using up the forests.
发表于 2016-7-12 04:34:25
