强人所难：force的用法和辨析
Love is a force of nature.
——Brokeback Mountain
爱是与生俱来的能力。
——《断背山》
一、你知道force有几种含义吗？
n.
1.力，力量，力气 the physical strength of sth that is shown as it hits sth else
A great man can dominate others by force of character.
伟人能以人格的力量支配他人。
2.武力；暴力 violent physical action used to obtain or achieve sth
We will never yield to force.
我们决不会向暴力屈服。
3.影响力；效力 the strong effect or influence of sth
Nothing can abate the force of that argument.
什么也不能减弱那崇论的影响力。
4.一群人；部队；兵力 a group of people who have been trained to protect other people, usually by using weapons
The small British contingent belongs to the UN peace-keeping force.
这支英国小分队是属于联合国维和部队的。
5.(社会)势力，威力，实力，权力；有影响的人(或事物) the authority of sth
The remainder of Al Qaeda and Taliban force may start new attacks.
盖达和塔利班组织残余势力可能发动新攻势。
v.
1.强制，迫使，逼迫 make sb do sth that they do not want to do
He was forced into resigning.
他被迫辞职。
2.施强力于；强行促成 to use physical strength to move sb / sth into a particular position
The thief forced the lock and broke in the house.
小偷强行开锁然后闯进屋子里来了。
3.强作，勉强做出 to make yourself smile, laugh, etc. rather than doing it naturally
She managed to force a smile.
她勉强笑笑。
4.促成早熟，促成生长 to make fruit, plants, etc. grow or develop faster than normal by keeping them in special conditions
Using plant growth substance to force the rhubarb.
使用植物生长调节剂来催熟大黄。
5.竭力提高，抬高；竭力加快…的进程；使过劳（以致受损伤） to make sth happen, especially before other people are ready
Article15 Tenderers shall not submit tenders in collusion with one another to force the tender price up or down.
第十五条投标者不得串通投标，抬高标价或者压低标价。
二、词义辨析：有哪些词汇能表达“迫使”的意思
compel, force, constrain, oblige
这些动词均含“迫使”之意。
compel指在法律、权力、力量或行动等的驱使下被迫而为。
force指用个人意志、权力、权威或暴力等，迫使他人改变看法或做本不愿做的事。
constrain侧重施加约束力或有约束作用的影响，也指环境对人强加的影响迫使人去做某事，尤指受良心、情感等内在力量驱使去做某事。
oblige指由于生理上或道德上的需要，促使某人做某事，也指有权威的人或机构迫使某人做某事，还可指在特定情况下被迫作出的反应。
三、下面我们来学习一下含有force的常见短语
air force
n. 空军,美国空军
centrifugal force
n[物].地心引力
centripetal force
n.向心力
force out
v. 1.把…赶走，挤掉；迫使离开，屈服
force pump
n. 压力泵
四、最后，做个小测试吧
Building a new road here will _____ house prices down.
在这里修建一条新道路将使房价下跌。
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