联合国将实施对朝鲜的制裁措施
The United Nations Security Council is expected as early as Monday to approve a statement that condemns North Korea's April 5 rocket launch and enforces U.N. sanctions against Pyongyang.The draft statement calls for a list of 'entities' eligible to have their assets frozen because of ties to the missile program. The Security Council has until April 30 to come up with the list.
North Korea had no reaction Sunday to news the Security Council was poised to act after the U.S. had reached a compromise on Saturday with Russia and China on a joint response to the launch. Pak Tok Hun, North Korea's deputy U.N. ambassador, said last week his government would take unspecified 'strong steps' if the council acted against it.
The U.S. and Japan initially sought a swifter and stronger Security Council resolution that would have imposed new sanctions on North Korea. But China and Russia said the launch was an attempt to put a satellite in orbit and feared that a harsh U.N. reaction would drive North Korea away from the six-party talks aimed at ending the North's nuclear-weapons program.
A division remained over the weekend over the legal interpretation of the statement. The U.S said it is legally binding, while other council members said only a resolution is, not a statement.
The draft statement, which calls the rocket launch a 'contravention' of the U.N.'s ban on North Korea's ballistic missile program represents a climb down for Moscow and Beijing, as it indirectly acknowledges that the launch was not aimed at putting a satellite in space.
'What the council can do, and we hope will do, through the adoption of this statement is to send a very clear message to North Korea that what they have done under the guise of a satellite launch is, in fact, a violation of their obligations and indeed that there are consequences for such actions,' said U.S. Ambassador Susan Rice, after a Security Council meeting Saturday.
The five veto-wielding permanent council members -- Britain, China, France, Russia and the U.S. -- plus Japan had been haggling for a week over a U.N. response. After the six nations agreed on the text it was presented to the entire Security Council. Unlike a resolution, which requires a vote, a Security Council statement read by the council president in a formal session is agreed by consensus.
'It is a text which sends out, as we intended, a clear message to North Korea,' said French Ambassador Jean-Maurice Ripert.
The document demands North Korea conduct no further rocket launches. It calls on all U.N. member nations to comply fully with an embargo on conventional arms, and nuclear and ballistic missile parts, imposed on Pyongyang in October 2006 in response to its underground test of a nuclear weapon. Those sanctions, which also allowed for the assets of individuals and institutions linked to North Korea's nuclear and ballistic missiles programs to be frozen, were never implemented, in deference to the six-party nuclear talks.
The draft statement would give new force to a regime of inspecting cargo coming into and out of North Korea for contraband goods, Ms. Rice said. Additional military-related items could be added to the banned list, she said.
联合国安理会可能最早将于周一通过一项声明，谴责朝鲜于4月5日发射火箭，并实施联合国对朝鲜的制裁措施。
声明草案要求列出一份与朝鲜导弹计划有关的实体名单，并对其实施资产冻结。安理会将在4月30日之前提出这份名单。
美国和中国及俄罗斯上周六就对朝鲜发射火箭一事的联合反应达成妥协之后，朝鲜周日没有对安理会将采取行动的消息作出反应。朝鲜驻联合国副大使 德勋上周表示，如果安理会对朝鲜采取行动，朝鲜政府也会采取一定的强硬举措。
美国和日本最初希望安理会通过一份反应更为迅速、措辞更为强硬的决议，对朝鲜实施新的制裁措施。但中国和俄罗斯表示，朝鲜发射火箭是为了将卫星送入轨道，两国担心联合国的强硬反应会将朝鲜推离旨在结束朝鲜核武器计划的六方会谈。
过去这个周末，各方仍然就声明的法律约束力一事存在分歧。美国认为，这份声明是具有法律约束力的，而其他安理会成员则表示，只有决议才有法律约束力，声明则不具备。
声明草案称朝鲜发射火箭违反了联合国对朝鲜发展弹道导弹计划的禁令，这意味着中国和俄罗斯作出了让步，因为这间接承认了朝鲜此次火箭发射并不是为了将卫星送入太空。
美国常驻联合国代表赖斯在上周六的安理会会后表示，安理会所能做的，也是我们所希望做的，就是通过这份声明，向朝鲜传递一个非常明确的信息：朝鲜以发射卫星为名所从事的行为实际上违反了他们的义务，要为此类行为承担后果。
安理会具有否决权的五个常任理事国──英国、中国、法国、俄罗斯和美国──以及日本过去一个星期一直在努力达成一致，推动联合国就此事作出反应。六国就声明内容达成一致后，再将声明呈交至安理会全体理事国。与决议需要进行表决不同，安理会主席声明只需各方认同即可。
法国常驻联合国代表里佩尔说，这份声明如我们所希望的那样，向朝鲜发送了一个明确的信息。
声明要求朝鲜不要再进一步发射火箭，呼吁所有联合国成员全面履行2006年10月对朝鲜实施的常规武器、核以及弹道导弹部件禁运。联合国实施这一禁运是针对朝鲜当时进行地下核武器试验作出的反应。制裁措施还包括冻结所有与朝鲜核以及弹道导弹计划有关的个人与机构的资产，但为了给六方会谈让路，这些制裁措施从未被执行过。
赖斯说，声明草案将授于一个机构新的权力，对进出朝鲜的货船实施禁运品检查。她表示，禁运名单可能会增加更多的军事相关产品。
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