从IBM到苹果 一张图看懂科技巨头盛衰史
上图为1980-2015年100强科技公司的市值比例
INTERNATIONAL Business Machines (IBM) must rank as a case study in corporate survival. Founded in 1911 as a manufacturer of punch-card machines, more than a century later it remains one of the largest technology companies in the world.国际商业机器公司(IBM)无疑被人们视为公司生存的典范。它创立于1911年,当时是一家穿孔卡片机制造商。一个多世纪后,它仍然是世界最大的科技公司之一。
Where once it made mechanical behemoths for reading and manipulating paper cards, today it focuses on providing computing services and software to clients across the world.过去,IBM生产读取和处理纸质卡片的巨型计算机;现在,它致力于为遍及全球的客户们提供计算服务和软件。
易词解词(BY 稻草人语)
once
adv.一次,一趟;一倍;曾经;一旦 conj. 一旦…就…;一经 n. 一次,一回
单词once在语音上相当于one’s,其来自古英语中的属格残留,字面意思即of one【一的】。在古英语中,属格具有副词功能,这些功能仍残留于现代英语中。比如今He works nights. 其中nights即来自属格,of a night。这样的属格副词还有很多,比如:
once、twice、since、hence、whence、thence、sometimes、always、needs、bedtimes、homewards、towards、besides
But the days of Big Blue’s dominance are long past. It was recently surpassed in market value by Facebook, a company barely a decade old. As the market has grown, technology companies have proliferated.但蓝色巨人的统治期早已过去。最近,IBM的市值被刚满10周岁的Facebook超过。
易词解词(BY 稻草人语)
Recently
adv.最近,近来;不久以前;近日;新近
recently一词由英语中的形容词recent“最近的”加后缀-ly构成,意思是“最近地,近来”。在英语中,-ly缀于形容词之后构成对应的副词,对比:
后缀-ly副词
含义
基础形容词
含义
absolutely
绝对地
absolute
绝对的
actually
实际地
actual
实际的
certainly
确定地
certain
确定的
clearly
清晰地
clear
清晰的
completely
完全地
complete
完全的
directly
直接地
direct
直接的
easily
容易地
easy
容易的
eventually
终于
eventual
终于的
exactly
精确地
exact
精确的
finally
最后
final
最后的
generally
一般地
general
一般的
highly
高度地
high
高度的
immediately
直接地
immediate
直接的
mostly
主要地
most
主要的
nearly
差不多
near
紧邻的
obviously
明显地
obvious
明显的
particularly
特别地
particular
特别的
probably
大概
probable
大致的
quickly
迅速地
quick
迅速的
really
真正
real
真正的
slowly
缓慢地
slow
缓慢的
usually
惯常地
usual
惯常的
Though today’s tech giants are larger than ever, even Apple, now the largest publicly traded company in America, accounts for less than a quarter of the market.尽管今日的科技巨头们比以往任何时候都要庞大,但就算是美国最大的上市公司苹果,也没能超过前100强市值总额的四分之一。
Many companies that supplantedIBM during the 1980s and 1990s, such as Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft, now find themselves in eclipse. All three are trying to make a comeback by pushing into cloud computing, meaning that data are stored and crunched on remote servers.上世纪八九十年代中,惠普、微软等许多公司超过IBM,但它们如今都已光辉不再。这三家公司都努力试图通过云计算卷土重来。这一技术意味数据会在远程服务器上存储和处理。
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