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一、是非问题分析论证句式
1. Whereas other societies look to the past for guidance, we cast our nets
forward(面向未来)
2. It is the belief in a brighter future that gives us optimism.
3. Even these days, when not all progress seems positive (nuclear weapons,
air pollution, unemployment, etc.), the belief remains that for every problem
there is a rational solution.
4. The job of the parents is to give the children every opportunity while
they are growing up and then get out of their way.
5. What deference people in authority do command is based on their actual
powers rather than on their age, wisdom, or dignity.
6. In a society that changes as fast as ours, experience simply does not
have the value that it does in traditional societies.
7. It has taken a long time to convince the public that free enterprise
does not mean that a company should be free to pollute the air, foul the rivers,
and destroy the forests.
8. The assembly line reduced workers to cogs of machinery and made their
jobs unutterably boring, but it produced goods fast.
9. Food is prepackaged and shopping is impersonal, but the efficiency of
the operation produces lower prices and less shopping time.
10. As an American is always striving to change his lot, he never fully
identifies with any group.
11. In America, there are no such expressions such as in china where “the
fat pig gets slaughtered,” or in Japan, where “the nail that sticks out gets
hammered down.”
12. This freedom from the group has enabled the American to become
“Economic Man”—one directed almost purely by profit motive, mobile and
unencumbered(不受阻碍的)by family or community obligations.
13. Equipped with the money, one can acquire the taste, style, and ideas
that mark each class and launch a quick ascent of the social ladder.
14. Actually, persons in status societies who are secure in their niches
(适当的位置)are allowed more eccentricity than Americans, who rely heavily on signals
that other people like them.
15. When half the population goes to college, one cannot expect the
colleges to maintain the same standards as in countries where only the elite
attend.
16. Just as not every Japanese is hardworking and deferential to superiors
(长者、上司), not every Chinese is devoted to family, not every American is ambitious
or patriotic – or even unsophisticated.
17. No one could seriously think that anyone who grows up poor, lives in a
bad neighborhood, and attends an inferior school has an opportunity equal to
that of someone more favored.
18. Americans may not have achieved equality, but at least they aspire to
it, which is more than many other nations can claim.
19. In many countries, when jobs become available for young people in
distant cities, when television begins to dominate home life, when ready – made
foods appear in the markets, the culture appears more “American” – although the
resemblance could be entirely superficial.
20. Someone who looks around or down appears shifty (不可靠的)to Americans,
although in fact one doesn’t stare continuously at the other person, but glances
elsewhere every few seconds.
21. When the demand for something is greater than its supply, producers and
suppliers will sense the possibility of making a profit – the excess of revenues
over expenses is the profit.
22. As the case illustrates, competition takes four general forms: pure
competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly(少数制造商对市场的控制).
23. The classic example of pure competition occurs with a commodity, like
wheat or corn, that has so many producers that no one of them can control its
selling price.
24. A monopoly occurs when one company alone offers a particular food or
service and therefore controls the market and price for it.
25. Private restaurants serve gourmet food for $70 per person; incentives
boosted agricultural production 25 percent and industrial output 80 percent in
just three years; farmers are encouraged to raise as much as they can on their
own plots, and some become almost rich in the process.(注意本句中分号的使用)
26. All these changes in China’s economic life have brought changes in
China’s social and cultural life as well, many of which unwanted.
27. If productivity measures the efficiency of an economy, a measure of
what an economic system produces is its gross national product (GNP), which is
the current market value of all final goods and services that a nation produces
within a particular period.
28. Current wisdom says that (当前流行的看法认为)if you want a successful product,
you need first to perform detailed market analysis, making sure that there are
plenty of people who need the new product and that your entry into the market
will be able to gain a significant share of that market.
29. Started at the turn of the century, 3M ( a giant American company) has
been growing at a healthy rate of about 10 percent a year and it boasts of
having 45,000 products on the market.
30. An entrepreneur is someone like Tom Monaghan, the man who after brushes
with bankruptcy turned Domino’s Pizza into the nation’s fastest – growing
franchise chain.
31. The extent to which the broadcast media should be censored for
offensive language and behavior involves a conflict between our right as
individuals to freely express ourselves and the duty of government to protect
its citizenry from potential harm.
32. Although we may not have conclusive scientific evidence of a cause –
effect relationship, ample anecdotal evidence establishes a significant
correlation.
33. Moreover, both common sense and our experiences with children inform us
that people tend to mimic the language and behavior they are exposed to.
34. Those who advocate unbridled individual expression might point out that
the right of free speech is intrinsic to a democracy and necessary to its
survival.
35. In sum, it is in our best interest as a society for the government to
censor broadcast media for obscene and offensive language and behavior.
36. While individuals have primary responsibility for learning new skills
and finding work, both industry and government have some obligation to provide
them with the means of doing so.
37. The suggested reason for buying the car is obvious: it is the
intelligent choice.(注意冒号的使用)
38. In conclusion, I agree that appeals to emotion are more powerful tools
than arguments and reasoning for promoting products.
39. Advertising is obviously the most influential art form in this century;
it is, therefore, tempting to think that it is the most important.
40. The lesson here is that advertising, in itself, probably will not
achieve as great importance as art.
41. Requiring businesses to provide complete product information to
customers promotes various consumer interests, but at the same time imposes
burdens on businesses, government, and taxpayer.
42. While I doubt that buildings determine our character or basic
personality traits, I argue that they can greatly influence our attitudes,
moods, and even life styles.
43. Numerous psychological studies show that different colors influence
behavior, attitudes, and emotions in distinctly different ways.
44. Women differ fundamentally from men in childbearing ability; related to
this ability is the maternal instinct – a desire to nurture – that is far
stronger for women than for men, generally speaking.
45. In consumer – driven industries, innovation, product differentiation,
and creativity are crucial to lasting success.
46. And in technology, when there are no conventional practices or ways of
thinking to begin with, companies that fail to break away from last year’s
paradigm are soon left behind by the competition.
47. Whether an individual saves too little or borrows too much depends on
the purpose and extent of either activity.
48. The evidence suggests that, on balance, people today tend to concern
themselves with only practical matters that are related to their life.
49. Traditionally, saving is viewed as a virtue, while borrowing is
considered as a vice.
50. However, just the opposite may be true under certain circumstances.
二、逻辑问题分析论证句式
1. The mere fact that ticket sales in recent years for screenplay-based
movies have exceeded those for book-based movies is insufficient evidence to
conclude that writing screenplays now provides greater financial opportunity for
writers.
2. It is possible that fees paid by movie studios for screenplays will
decrease in the future relative to those for book rights.
3. The argument fails to rule out the possibility that a writer engage in
both types of writing as well as other types.
4. In any event, the advertisement provides no justification for the
mutually exclusive choice that it imposes on the writer.
5. The argument simply equates success with movie ticket sales, which is
unwarranted.
6. The author assumes that physical capabilities are the only attributes
necessary to operate a motor vehicle.
7. Moreover, the author provides no evidence that the realism of color
photography is the reason for its predominance.
8. This assumption presents a false dilemma, since the two media are not
necessarily mutually exclusive alternatives.
9. Common sense tells us that a photographer can succeed by working in both
media.
10. The argument ignores the factors – such as initiative, creativity,
technical skills, and business judgment – that may be more important than the
choice of medium in determining success in photography.
11. The major problem with the argument is that the stated similarities
between Company A and B are insufficient to support the conclusion that Company
A will suffer a fate similar to Company B’s.
12. Consequently, the mere fact that Company A holds a large share of the
video – game hardware and software market does not support the claim that
Company A will also fail.
13. Thus, the author unfairly assumes that highly – rated public television
programs are necessarily widely viewed, or popular.
14. While this may be true in some cases, it is equally possible that only
companies with products that are already best – sellers can afford the higher ad
rates that popular shows demand.
15. Admittedly, the vice president’s reasoning linking employee benefits
with company profits seems reasonable on the surface.
16. One can infer from the survey’s results that a full one – third of the
respondents may have viewed the current benefits package unfavorably.
17. Lacking more specific information about how these other employees
responded, it is impossible to assess the reliability of the survey’s results or
to make an informed recommendation.
18. It is unlikely that the brief one – week periods under comparison are
representative of longer time periods.
19. If so, even though 3 percent more accidents occurred after the change,
the author’s argument that changing the speed limit increases danger for drivers
would be seriously weakened.
20. The editorial fails to take into account possible differences between
East and West Cambria that are relevant to how drivers react to speed – limit
changes.
21. In addition, while it is true that many voters change their minds
several times before voting, and that some remain undecided until entering the
voting booth, this is not true of everyone.
22. Without knowing the extent and nature of the damage resulting from the
bad publicity or the reason for the violation, we cannot accept the author’s
conclusion.
23. The author’s proposal is inconsistent with the author’s conclusion
about the consequences of adopting an ethics code.
24. To begin with, the author fails to consider health threats posed by
incinerating trash.
25. The author’s conclusion that switching to incineration would be more
salutary for public health would be seriously undermined.
26. However, this is not necessarily the case.
27. The author’s implicit claim that incinerators are economically
advantageous to landfills is poorly supported.
28. Consequently, unless the author can demonstrate that the city will
incur expenses that are not covered by the increased revenues from these
projects, the author’s concern about these issues is unfounded.
29. First of all, while asserting that real incomes are rising, the author
provides no evidence to support this assertion.
30. But no evidence is provided to show that this explanation is
correct.
31. Moreover, the author fails to consider and rule out other factors that
might account for proportional decreases in spending on food.
32. The author ignores other likely benefits of agricultural technology
that affect food pieces only indirectly or not at all.
33. In the first place, a great deal of empirical evidence shows that
sequels are often not as profitable as the original movie.
34. However, unless the original cast and production team are involved in
making the sequel, there is a good chance it will not be financially
successful.
35. Since the difficulties inherent in this process make it hard to predict
whether the result will be a success or a failure, the conclusion that the
sequel will be profitable is presumptuous(武断的)
36. This assumption overlooks other criteria for determining a bridge’s
importance – such as the number of commuters using the bridge, the role of the
bridge in local emergencies and disasters, and the impact that bridge closure
would have on the economies of nearby cities.
37. Without such evidence, we cannot accept the author’s conclusion that no
government funds should be directed toward maintaining the Styx River
bridge.
38. The fact that the nearby city has a weakening economy does not prove
that the city will not contribute significantly to tax revenues.
39. Substantiating this assumption requires examining the proper duty of
government.
40. Accordingly, this assumption is simply an unproven claim.
41. The author is presenting a false dilemma by imposing an either – or
choice between two courses of action that need not be mutually exclusive.
42. It is equally possible that legislators can address both areas of
concern concurrently.
43. The argument relies on the assumption that the legislators in
question(所讨论的)have the opportunity to address urban crime problems.
44. Finally, the author unfairly trivializes the severity of rural crime by
simply comparing it with urban crime.
45. It is possible that the sales trend in a particular location is not
representative of sales in other regions.
46. However, the author fails to acknowledge and rule out other possible
causes of such accidents.
47. A third problem with the argument is that the statistical evidence upon
which it relies is too vague to be informative.
48. If the subjects for the study were randomly chosen and represent a
diverse cross section of the population of shampoo users, the results will be
reliable regardless of the number of participants.
49. Experience alone is far from being enough to guarantee minimized
processing costs.
50. Given that Olympic Foods does benefit from lowered processing costs due
to its years of experience, the prediction about maximum profits is still in
lake of solid ground. |
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发表于 2016-7-9 23:19:48