|
|
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices
marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the
ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10
points)
The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language
is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost importance.
Proper selection will eliminate one source of likely breakdown in the
communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words prevents a meeting of the
minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up
unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his comprehension;
hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.
Moreover inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the
listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. The
speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be unable
to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners.
41. A] of B] at C] for D] on
42. A] inaccessible B] timely C] likely D]invalid
43. A] encouragesB] prevents C] destroy D] offers
44. A] pass out B] take awayC] back upD] stir up
45. A] who B] as C] which D] what
46. A] Moreover B] However C] Preliminarily D] Unexpectedly
47. A] that B] it C] so D] this
48. A] speech B] sense C] message D] meaning
49. A] obscure B] difficultC] impossible D] unable
50. A] case B] meansC] methodD] way
译文:
就语言而言,可以讨论的首要的和最小的单位是词。说话时，选词是最重要的。适应的选词可以消除交际过程中可能出现的障碍。用词粗心大意往往阻碍说话人和听话人的思想交流。说话人使用的词汇可能引起听话人的不利反应，从而干扰其理解。因此，这发送##接受系统就会中断。
此外，词义不准确或不明确的词使听话人难于听懂传递给他的信息。说话人的常用词汇中如没有详细而精确词的话，就不可能用听话人能理解的方式进行解释或描述。
1995年全国硕士研究生入学考试
英语试卷
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices
marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the
ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10
points)
Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by
rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. Neither
kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is assumed to serve some
restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more
mysterious. The new experiments, such as those described for the first time at a
recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest
fascinating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep.
For example, it has long been known that total sleep deprivation is 100
percent fatal to rats, yet, upon examination of the dead bodies, the animals
look completely normal. A researcher has now cast light on the mystery of why
the animals die. The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood, as if
immune systems —the self-protecting mechanism against diseases —had crashed.
41. A] Either B]NeitherC] Each D] Any
42. A] intended B] requiredC] assumedD] inferred
43. A]subtle B] obviousC] mysterious D] doubtful
44. A] maintainedB] describedC] settledD] afforded
45. A] in the lightB] by virtueC] with the exceptionD] for the purpose
46. A] reductionB] destructionC] deprivationD] restriction
47. A] upon B] by C] throughD] with
48. A] paid attention toB] caught sight ofC] laid emphasis onD] cast light
on
49. A] developB] produceC] stimulateD] induce
50. A] if B]as ifC] only ifD] if only
译文：
睡眠通常被分为所谓的“快动眼”睡眠阶段(REM=rapid eye
movement)和较多长的非快睡眠。前者特点为眼球快速转动并做梦。我们对两种形式的睡眠了解都不多，但是人们假设REM睡眠对大脑起羊某种康复功能。非快动眼睡眠起的作用更神秘。最近睡眠研究协会在明尼阿波利斯举行的会议上，专家们首次描述的一些新实验，对眼球非快速移动睡眠的作用的阐释令人着迷。
比如，人们早已了解到，完全剥夺其睡眠对老鼠具有100%的致命性，然而，在检查老鼠死尸时，这些动物看上去完全正常。一研究人员已阐明这些动物死亡原因的奥秘。老鼠患血液细菌感染，似乎他们的免疫系统——抵御疾病的自我保护机制——已崩溃。
1996年全国硕士研究生入学考试
英语试卷
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices
marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the
ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10
points)
Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for
the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.
They do not provide energy, nor do they construct or build any part of the
body. They are needed for transforming foods into energy and body maintenance.
There are thirteen or more of them, and if any is missing a deficiency disease
becomes apparent .
Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements — usually
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. They are different in that
their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more
specific functions in the body.
Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no
nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people, nevertheless, believe in being
on the “safe side” and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet
will usually meet all the body’s vitamin needs.
41. A] either B] soC]norD] never
42. A] shiftingB] transferringC] alteringD] transforming
43. A] any B] someC] anythingD] something
44. A] serious B] apparentC] severeD] fatal
45. A] mostly B] partially C] sometimesD] rarely
46. A] in thatB]so thatC] such thatD] except that
47. A]undertakesB] holds C] plays D] performs
48. A] SupplyB]GettingC] ProvidingD] Furnishing
49. A]exceptional B]exceedingC] excessD] external
50. A] neverthelessB] therefore C] moreoverD] meanwhile
译文：
维生素是有机化合物，饮食中必须含有少量维生素以维持动物(包括人)的生存和生长。
它们不提供能量，也不构成身体的任何一部分，它们的任务是把食物转变成能量和维持身体健康。至少有13种维生素，若缺其中一种，缺乏症疾病便明显可见。
各种维生素都很相似，因为它们由同样的元素构成，一般是碳、氢、氧，有时还有氮。它们的不同之处在于每种维生素内部的元素排列不同，并且每种维生素在人体内都有一种或多种特殊作用。
虽然维生素对人体并无什么营养上的用处，但吸收足够的维生素是必要的。尽管如此，有些人出于保险的想法，还是摄入过量的维生素。不过，均衡的饮食一般能够完全满足身体对维生素的需求。
1997年全国硕士研究生入学考试
英语试卷
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices
marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the
ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10
points)
Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the world’s largest temporary
employment agency. Every morning, its people swarm into the offices and
factories of America, seeking a day’s work for a day’s pay. One day at a time,
As industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive by reducing
the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is
booming.
Even though its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly
becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This “disposable” work
force is the most important trend in American business today, and it is
fundamentally changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The
phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive while
avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens imposed by employment rules,
healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the
security, benefits and sense of importance that came from being a loyal
employee.
41. A] swarm B] stride C] separateD] slip
42. A] For B] BecauseC]As D] Since
43. A] fromB] in C] onD] by
44. A]Even thoughB] Now thatC] If onlyD] Provided that
45. A] durableB] disposable C] available D] transferable
46. A] approach B] flowC] fashionD] trend
47. A] instantlyB] reverselyC] fundamentallyD] sufficiently
48. A] butB] whileC] andD] whereas
49. A] imposed B] restrictedC] enthusiasmD] confined
50. A] excitementB] convictionC] enthusiasmD] importance
译文：
拥有雇员56万人之众的劳务公司，是世界上最大的临时就业机构。每天早晨，公司的员工纷纷涌向美国的机关和工厂，为拿到日工资而寻找一天的工作。一次就一天了，因为一些工业巨头，如通用汽车公司的国际商用机器公司都靠裁员谋求生存，因此，总部设在威斯康星州密尔沃基市的劳务公司得以兴旺起来。
即使美国的经济继续恢复，僵的兼职人数和临时工的人数也还是不断增加。这种“一次性”的就业大军是当今美国经济的最重要的趋势，而且它从根本上改变了个人与职业的关系。这种现象为这些公司开辟了一条道路，使其既不失国际竞争力，又可以不受市场周期的冲击，避免就业法规，医疗保健和养老金法案带来的日益增加的负担。对雇员而言，这将意味着不再享有保障、福利，不再具有作为一个忠实雇员的使命感。
1998年全国硕士研究生入学考试
英语试卷
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices
marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the
ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10
points)
Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial
Revolution. They admitted that in the long run industrialization greatly raised
the standard of living for the average man. But they insisted that its immediate
results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery
for the bulk of the English population. By contrast, they saw in the preceding
hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a completely
agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.
This view, however is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists is
generally thought to be wrong. Specialists however is generally thought to be
wrong. Specialists in by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did
not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the
populace.
41. A] admittedB] believedC] claimedD] predicted
42. A] plainB] average C] meanD] normal
43. A] momentaryB] promptC] instant D] immediate
44. A] bulkB] hostC] grossD] magnitude
45. A] On B] WithC] For D] By
46. A] broadlyB] thoroughly C] generallyD] completely
47. A]howeverB] meanwhileC] thereforeD] moreover
48. A] at B] inC] aboutD] for
49. A] manifestedB] approvedC] shownD] speculated
50. A] notedB] impressedC] labeledD] marked
译文：
直到最近，多数历史学家对工业革命仍持强烈的批评态度。他们承认，从长远观点来看，工业化的确大大地提高了普通老百姓的生活水平。但是，他们坚持说，从1750年到1850年期间，工业化的直接结果是广大英国人民的普遍贫困和苦难。对比之下，在此之前从1650年到1750年的100年间，英国还是一个完全的农业国，他们认为是一个富裕和繁荣的时期。
然而，人们普遍认为这种观点是错误的。历史学和经济学方面的专家已经证明了两件事：从1650年到1750年期间以极度贫困为特征，而工业化显然没有使这种状况恶化;事实上却可能改善了绝大多数平民百姓的生活条件。
1999全国硕士研究生入学考试
英语试卷
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices
marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the
ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10
points)
Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies with low accident rates
plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to
keep them alive and active. When the work is well done, a climate of
accident-free operations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept
at a minimum.
Successful safety programs may differ greatly in the emphasis placed on
certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical
guarding. Others stress safe work practices by observing rules or regulations.
Still others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain
basic ideas that must e used in every program if maximum results are to be
obtained.
There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a
financial standpoint alone, safety pays off. The fewer the injury claims, the
better the workman’s insurance rate. This may mean the difference between
operating at a profit or at a loss.
41. A] at B] in C] on D] with
42. A] aliveB] vivid C]mobileD] diverse
43. A] regulationB] climateC] circumstanceD] requirement
44. A] whereB] howC] whatD] unless
45. A] alterB] differC] shiftD] distinguish
46. A] constituting B] aggravatingC] observingD] justifying
47. A] SomeB]ManyC] EvenD] Still
48. A] comes offB] turns upC] pays offD] holds up
49. A] claimsB] reportsC] declarationsD] proclamations
50. A] an advantageB] a benefitC] an interestD] a profit
译文：
安全生产并非始自今日。事故发生率较低的公司往往制订安全计划，尽力安排计划的实施，并不断努力使其保持活力、发挥作用。当上述工作圆满完成时，一个无事故的作业环境便建立起来。在这里，因人员伤害而损失的时间便会保持在最低水平。
各种有效的安全计划其侧重点上很不相同。有些计划注重机械保护，另一些则强强调通过招待各种规章制度来进行安全生产。还有一些计划则主要靠对工人们，晓之以理，动之以情。但是如果要取得最好的结果，每个安全计划都要遵循一定的基本思想。
安全生产的价值无庸置疑。单从经济角度来看，安全生产也是大有裨益的。伤害索赔越少，员工的保险率就越高。它可能意味着企业经营的盈亏。
2000全国硕士研究生入学考试
英语试卷
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices
marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the
ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10
points)
If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his
consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain instead
of consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and
his family only if he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three
ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance against the unpredictable effects of
bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to replace old
agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to feed the soil. He may
also need money to construct irrigation channels and improve his farm in other
ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be self-sufficient. He must
either sell some of his property or seek extra funds in the form of loans.
Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low rate of interest, but loans of
this kind are not frequently obtainable.
41. A] other thanB] as well asC] instead ofD] more than
42. A] only ifB] much asC] long beforeD] ever since
43. A] for B] againstC] ofD] towards
44. A] replaceB] purchaseC] supplementD] dispose
45. A] enhanceB] mixC] feedD] raise
46. A] vesselsB] routesC] pathsD] channels
47. A] self-confidentB] self-sufficientC] self-satisfiedD]
self-restrained
48. A] search B] saveC] offerD]seek
49. A] proportionB] percentage C] rateD] ratio
50. A] genuinelyB] obviouslyC] presumablyD] frequently
译文：
农民要想成功，必须在其消费与生产之间努力保持较大的距离。他必须储存大量的粮食，而不是将全部粮食马
上消费掉。只有生产有剩余，他才能养活他自己及其家人。农民必须以如下三种方式来使用这些剩余粮食：留作播种用，留作备荒用，留作商品卖掉以更新农具和买化肥用。要修建灌溉沟渠，或以其他方式改善农田，也可能需要钱。没有余粮，农民就不能自给自足。要么卖掉一些财产，要么通过贷款寻求资金。自然他会努力获取低息贷款，但是不能经常借到这种低息贷款。
2001全国硕士研究生入学考试
英语试卷
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices
marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the
ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10
points)
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy
up people involved in prominent cases such as the trial of Rosemary West.
In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine,
the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making
payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity
that can be given to a case before a trial begins.
In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media
select committee, Lord Irvine said he agreed with a committee report this year
which said that self regulation did not offer sufficient control.
Publication of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a storm of
media protest when he said the interpretation of privacy controls contained in
European legislation would be left to judges rather than to Parliament.
The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which makes
the European Convention on Human Rights legally binding in Britain, laid down
that everybody was entitled to privacy and that public figures could go to court
to protect themselves and their families.
“Press freedoms will be in safe hands with our British judges, ” he
said.
Witness payments became an issue after West was sentenced to 10 life
sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were said to have received payments for
telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised that witnesses might
be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty
verdicts.
31. A] as toB] for instanceC] in particularD] such as
32. A] tighteningB] intensifyingC] focusingD] fastening
33. A] sketchB] rough C] preliminary D] draft
34. A] illogicalB] illegalC] improbableD] improper
35. A] publicityB] penaltyC] popularityD] peculiarity
36. A] sinceB] ifC]before D] as
37. A] sidedB] sharedC] compliedD] agreed
38. A] presentB] offerC] manifestD] indicate
39. A] ReleaseB] PublicationC] PrintingD] Exposure
40. A] storm B] rageC] flareD]flash
41. A] translationB] interpretationC] exhibitionD] demonstration
42. A] better than B] other than C] rather than D] sooner than
43. A] changes B] convincingC] restrainingD] sustaining
44. A] bindingB] convincingC] entitledD] qualified
45. A] authorizedB] creditedC] inferenceD] issue
46. A] withB] toC] fromD] by
47. A] impact B] incidentC] inferenceD] issue
48. A] statedB] remarkedC] saidD] told
49. A] whatB] whenC] whichD] that
50. A] assureB] confideC] ensureD] guarantee
译文：
报界付款给那些牵到大案要案(诸如Rosemary West案件)的证人，以图买断。政府对此将要予以查禁。
为了更有效地对新闻界实施合法监控，大法官Irvine勋爵将草拟的法案。该法案将提出，付款给证人是非法的;在审判开始前，对案件的暴光度要严格控制。
在写给众议院新闻媒体特别委员会 Gerald
Kaufman主席的信中，Irvine勋爵说，他赞同委员会今年的报告，该报告称，自我约束并未实施足够的监控。
Irvine勋爵说，对欧洲立法中所包涵的关于个人隐私监控权的解释，将留给法官，而不是议会。这招致新闻媒体的一片抗议。此后两天，信被公之于世。
大法官说，引入《人权法案》使得《欧洲人权公约》在英国有了法律效力，按规定，人人都享有个人隐私权，公众人物可以到法庭去保护自己及其家人。
他说“由我们英国的法官来负责，新闻自由将安然无恙”。
1995年，Rosemary
West被判十项无期徒刑，此后，付款给证人的作法成为争议颇多的问题。据说，足有19个人因向报界讲述其经历而获得报酬。人们开始关注：(接受报酬)可能会鼓励证人在法庭上夸大他们经历的事情，来保证(陪审团对被告)做出有罪的裁定。
2002全国硕士研究生入学考试
英语试卷
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices
marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the
ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10
points)
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th
century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much
had happened between. As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century
that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, following in the
wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical. It was
during the same time the communications revolution speeded up, beginning with
transport, the railway, and leading on through the telegraph, the telephone,
radio, and motion pictures into the 20th-century world of the motor car and the
airplane. Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do
so.
It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer
in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit
during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact on the
media was not immediately apparent. As time went by, computers became smaller
and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as institutional,
with display becoming sharper and storage capacity increasing. They were thought
of, like people, in terms of generations, with the distance between generations
much smaller.
It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to
be widely used to describe the context within which we now live. The
communications revolution has influenced both work and leisure and how we think
and feel both about place and time, but there have been controversial views
about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have
been weighed against “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved
difficult.
21. A] between B] beforeC] sinceD] later
22. A] afterB] byC] duringD] until
23. A] meansB] methodC] mediumD] measure
24. A] processB] companyC] lightD] form
25. A] gatheredB] speededC] workedD] picked
26. A] onB] outC] overD] off
27. A] of B] forC] beyondD] into
28. A] conceptB] dimensionC] effect D] perspective
29. A] indeedB] henceC] howeverD] therefore
30. A] broughtB] followedC] stimulatedD] characterized
31. A] unlessB] sinceC] lestD] although
32. A] apparentB] desirableC] negativeD] plausible
33. A] institutional B] universalC] fundamentalD] instrumental
34. A]abilityB] capabilityC] capacityD] faculty
35. A] by means ofB] in terms of C] capacityD] faculty
36. A] deeperB] fewer C] nearerD] smaller
37. A] contextB] rangeC] scopeD] territory
38. A] regardedB] impressedC]influencedD] effected
39. A] competitiveB] controversialC] distractingD] irrational
40. A] aboveB] uponC] againstD] with
译文：
人们曾把20世纪电视的发展与15、16世纪印刷术的传播进行过比较。然而在这段时间之间还发生过许多事情。正如前面所讨论的，直到19世纪，报纸才继小册子和书本之后，与期刊一起，成为电子时代之前最重要的传媒。正是与此同时，通信革命加速发展，从铁路运输开始，发展到电报、电话、无线电和电影，直到20世纪的汽车和飞机。并非人人教正确地看到这一进程，而做到这点是很重要的。
然而，人们普遍认为，20世纪初期出现的电脑，及随后60年代发明的集成电路，虽然对传媒没有产生立竿见影的影响，但是却完全改变了发展进程。随着时间推移，电脑变得越来越小，性能越来越强，而且，随着显示(效果)越来越清晰及存储量越来越大，电脑已不只是团体机构的用具，也成了个人的用具。像人一样，电脑也按“代”来划分，而且代与代之间的间距越来越小。
正是在这个计算机时代，“信息社会”这个词开始广泛用来描述我们所生存的环境。通信革命对工作、休闲以及我们思考和感受时空的方式都产生了影响，但是也产生了关于其经济、政治、社会及文化含义的不同看法。“益处”要针对产生的“害处”来权衡。很难一概而论。
2003全国硕士研究生入学考试
英语试卷
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices
marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the
ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10
points)
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical
changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious thought
to how they can best accommodate such changes. Growing bodies need movement and
exercise, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. Because they are
adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional
challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence that
comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired
by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much
competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more
winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many
student-written book reviews, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book
discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide multiple opportunities
for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics. Making
friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the
security of some kind of organization with a supportive adult barely visible in
the background.
In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have
short attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized so that
participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something
else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down.
This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. On the contrary,
they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by planning for roles that
are within their capabilities and their attention spans and by having clearly
stated rules.
21. A] thoughtB] ideaC] opinionD] advice
22. A] strengthenB] accommodateC] stimulateD] enhance
23. A] careB] nutritionC] exerciseD] leisure
24. A] If B] AlthoughC] WhereasD] Because
25. A] assistanceB] guidanceC] confidenceD] tolerance
26. A] claimedB] admiredC] ignoredD] surpassed
27. A] improperB] riskyC] fairD] wise
28. A] in effectB] as a resultC] for exampleD] in a sense
29. A] displayingB] describingC] creatingD] exchanging
30. A] durableB] excessiveC] surplusD] multiple
31. A] groupB] individualC] personnelD] corporation
32. A] consentB] insuranceC] admissionD] security
33. A] particularlyB] barelyC] definitelyD] rarely
34. A] similarB] longC] differentD] short
35. A] if onlyB] now thatC] so thatD] even if
36. A] everythingB] anythingC] nothingD] something
37. A] offB] downC] outD] alone
38. A] On the contraryB] On the averageC] On the wholeD] On the other
hand
39. A]makingB] standingC] planningD] taking
40. A] capabilitiesB] responsibilitiesC] proficiencyD] efficiency
译文：
教师需要对青少年智力、情绪和身体各方面的变化加以注意，同时也要对他们如何适应这些变化予以密切关注。发育中的身体需要运动和锻炼，而不仅仅是为了竞技，因为总是要适应新的身体状况和智力和情感方面的诸多新挑战。青少年自我意识特别强，他们需要成功的信心，看到自己的成就他们就需得到他人的赞扬。然而，青少年的生活中通常已是充满竞争，所以明智之举是组织一些胜者多而败者少的活动，例如：出版刊有许多学生撰写书评的通讯，展览学生的美术作品，赞助读书俱乐部。各种小型俱乐部可以提供多种多样的机遇，锻炼孩子的领导才能，也可以借助集体力量成功地提供实践机会。交友对青少年来说极其重要，许多害羞的学生需要来自某种组织的安全感，成人的帮助则应处于几乎看不见的隐蔽地位。
在这些活动中须谨记青少年的注意力持续时间短。应当组织多种多样的活动以迎合他们，尽量让他们的兴趣保持活跃，然后再接上别的活动，这样不会使他们不安，也不会使其他参与者失望。这并不是说成年人一点责任也没有，相反，成年人通过对青少年能力和注意力所及活动的策划以及通过对游戏规则的清晰阐述，帮助学生获得一种参与感。 |
|
发表于 2016-7-9 23:17:49