新东方学习笔记-新概念英语3Lesson 06

英语自学网

　　New words and expression 生词和短语
        　　smash-and-grab n.砸橱窗抢劫
        　　smash vt.打碎, 粉碎(= break sth into pieces violently)violently adv.猛烈地
        　　-- Smash the car.
        　　Smash vi.打碎, 粉碎(-- The dishes smashed on the floor.)
        　　smash?into 撞击到某处 (-- The bus smashed into a tree.)
        　　grab v.抢夺, 掠夺, 夺取(= seize suddenly)
        　　-- He grabbed me by the arm.
        　　-- He grabbed the coin and ran off. 他抓起硬币就跑了。
        　　snatch vt.抢, 夺取(= catch sth/sb suddenly and violently)
        　　-- The big bird snatches the hen from the ground.
        　　Seize v.抓住, 逮住, 夺取(强调抓住、抓到的结果)
        　　-- Fear?seized?her. 她突然感觉很恐惧。
        　　catch vt.捕获, 赶上(车船等) (= get hold of sth/sb moving)
        　　-- catch mouse / catch bus / catch a thief
        　　Grasp 强调“掌握”
        　　-- We have already grasped six thousand words.
        　　Hold 强调抓牢、抓紧(catch hold of 抓住)
        　　-- He is holding an umbrella.
        　　arcade n.有拱廊的街道(两旁常设商店)
        　　Piccadilly n.皮卡迪利大街
        　　Jewellery n.珠宝(总称)
        　　Necklace n.项链
        　　Ring n.戒指
        　　Background n.背景 (on the background of sth.)
        　　-- background information 背景资料
        　　-- a man of excellent background 有很好的背景的人
        　　velvet n.天鹅绒，丝绒
        　　headlight n.(汽车等)前灯
        　　blare v.发嘟嗜声，吼叫
        　　staff n.全体工作人员
        　　raid n.偷袭 / raid vt., vi.袭击, 突击
        　　scramble v.爬行(= creep quickly)
        　　-- The two thieves scrambled into their car.
        　　Climb vt.爬上(-- climb up the tree)
        　　Mount vt.登上(-- mount the hill)
        　　Fantastic adj.?非常大的
        　　1> = very great / very large 非常大的
        　　-- a fantastic sum of money = a very large sum of money
        　　2> = strange adj.奇怪的, 奇异的
        　　-- a strange dream = a fantastic dream
        　　3> = wonderful adj.极好的, 美好的, 极妙的
        　　-- a fantastic play.
        　　ashtray n.烟灰缸
        　　owner n.所有者, 业主
        　　admire vt. 以赞赏的眼光看着
        　　busily adv.忙碌地
        　　arrange v.安排, 排列, 协商
        　　horn n.(牛、羊等的)角, 喇叭
        　　roar vi.吼叫, 怒号
        　　jeweler n.珠宝商, 宝石匠,钟表匠
        　　wheel n.(汽车的)方向盘
        　　iron n.铁 adj.铁的
        　　furniture n.家具
        　　diamond n.钻石, 菱形
        　　Text 课文
        　　How did Mr. Taylor try to stop the thieves?
        　　The expensive shops in a famous arcade near Piccadilly were just "opening.
        　　介词短语修饰shops
        　　-- The shoe shop in my neighborhood was just opening.
        　　在我家附近的鞋店刚刚开门营业
        　　At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty.
        　　Mr. Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new window display.
        　　BeiJing, our capital, is developing enormously.
        　　-- enormously adv.非常地, 巨大地(= at fantastic speed)
        　　Two of his assistants had been working busily since eight o‘clock and had only just finished.
        　　Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a background of black
        　　velvet.
        　　After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went back into his shop.
        　　After gazing at… = After he gazed at…
        　　After having gazed at… = After he had gazed at…
        　　The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn
        　　blaring, roared down the arcade.
        　　with的符合结构：(独立主格结构)
        　　1>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，应该采用现在分词形式作宾补。
        　　-- She sat staring into the distance with tears streaming down her cheeks.
        　　她坐着凝视着远方泪流满面。 (Cheek n.脸颊, 面颊)
        　　-- She stood there with her hands resting on her hips
        　　2>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是动宾关系，应该采用过去分词形式作宾补。
        　　-- He ran into the room with his face covered with tears.
        　　-- With his homework finished, he felt happy.
        　　3>如果表达某事将要发生，要用动词不定式to;
        　　-- With a lot of work to do, he can‘t go to the cinema.
        　　4>如果是说明当时的情况，常用形容词、副词、介词短语表明宾语的状态;
        　　-- He used to sleep with all the windows open.(open adj.开着的)
        　　-- He went out with his hat on.(on是副词)
        　　-- With the meeting over, we went home.(over adv.结束)
        　　-- He came in with a knife in his hand.(in his hand --介词短语)
        　　-- Tow others with black stockings over their faces jumped out.(over their faces --介词短语)
        　　另外两个脸上蒙着黑色袜子的人跳了出来。
            
            

entwo

        　　5>总结：
        　　with用于句首或句尾，常表示状语、行为方式、原因、伴随状况等。
        　　with如果跟在名词之后，是用来修饰限定该名词。
        　　-- a thief with stocking over his face.
        　　-- a teacher with a book under his arm.
        　　-- a room with the windows open.
        　　It came to a stop outside the jeweller‘s.
        　　come?to 后面常接名词, 表示达到
        　　-- come to a stop停下来 / come to an end结束 / come to a decision做出决定
        　　-- come to an agreement达成协议 / come to an understanding互相理解
        　　-- come to success获得成功, come to fame成名
        　　停车?stop = draw?up = pull?up
        　　at the barber‘s在理发店 / at the butcher‘s在肉店 / at the baker‘s在面包店
        　　at the greengrocer‘s在蔬菜水果店 / at the grocer‘s在杂货店 / at the stationer‘s 在文具店
        　　at the tobacconist‘s在烟草店 / at the chemist‘s在药店
        　　barber n.理发员, 理发师
        　　butcher n.屠夫, 肉商
        　　baker n.面包师, 面包工人 n.(便携式)烘炉
        　　greengrocer n.蔬菜水果商人 n.蔬菜水果商店
        　　grocer n.食品商人 n.杂货店
        　　stationer n.文具商人 n.文具店
        　　tobacconist n.烟草商人 n.烟店
        　　chemist n.化学家, 药剂师
        　　One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black stocking over their faces jumped
        　　out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars.
        　　While this was going on, Mr. Taylor was upstairs.
        　　He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window.
        　　Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade.
        　　One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too busy helping himself to
        　　diamonds to notice any pain.
        　　help?oneself?to 自便
        　　-- My roommate helped herself to my clothes without asking me.
        　　The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved
        　　off at a fantastic speed.
        　　at a fantastic speed / at a tremendous speed / at a high speed / at a full speed
        　　with great speed
        　　Just as it was leaving, Mr. Taylor rushed out and ran after it throwing ashtrays and vases,
        　　but it was impossible to stop the thieves.
        　　They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.
        　　hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of jewel
        　　Special difficulties 难点
        　　前缀构词法：
        　　1> dis
        　　加在形容词前
        　　-- agreeable(adj.使人愉快的) à disagreeable(adj.不愉快的)
        　　-- content(adj.满意的 vt.使满足) à discontent(adj.不满的 vt.令人不满 n.不满)
        　　-- graceful(adj.优美的) à disgraceful(adj.使失体面的, 耻辱的)
        　　-- honest(adj.诚实的, 正直的) à dishonest(adj.不诚实的)
        　　-- satisfactory(adj.满意的) à dissatisfactory(adj.不满意的)
        　　加在名词前
        　　-- agreement(n.同意) à disagreement(n.意见不同)
        　　-- honesty(n.诚实, 正直) à dishonesty(n.不诚实, 不老实)
        　　-- ability(n.能力, 才干) à disability(n.无力, 无能)
        　　-- grace(n.优美, 雅致) à disgrace(n.耻辱)
        　　-- comfort(n.舒适 vt.安慰) à discomfort(n.不舒适 vt.使不舒适)
        　　可以加在动词前
        　　-- agree(v.同意) à disagree(v.不同意)
        　　-- appear(vi.出现) à disappear(vi.消失, 不见)
        　　-- believe(相信, 信任) à disbelieve(v.不信, 怀疑)
        　　在名词前加dis得到动词, 表示除去、解除。
        　　-- courage(n.勇气, 精神) à discourage(vt.使气馁)
        　　-- root(n.根, 根部) à disroot / unroot(vt.连根拔除)
        　　-- mask(n.面具, 掩饰 v.戴面具, 掩饰) à unmask / dismask(vt.揭露, 暴露)
        　　-- burden(n.担子, 负担 v.负担) à disburden(v.解除负担)
        　　2>il -- 加在以i开头的形容词之前
        　　-- legal(adj.法律的, 法定的) à illegal(adj.违法的)
        　　-- logical(adj.合乎逻辑的) à illogical(adj.不合逻辑的)
        　　-- literate(adj.有文化的 n.学者) à illiterate(adj.没受教育的 n.文盲)
        　　3>im -- 加在以b, m, p开头的形容词之前
        　　-- possible(adj.可能的) à impossible(adj.不可能的)
        　　-- mortal(adj.必死的, 人类的) à immortal(adj.不朽的)
        　　-- moral(adj.道德的) à immoral(adj.不道德的)
        　　-- balanced(adj.平衡的) à imbalanced(adj.不平衡的)
        　　-- balance (n.平衡) à imbalance(n.不平衡)
        　　4>ir -- 加在以r开头的形容词之前
        　　-- regular(adj.规则的) à irregular(adj.不规则的)
        　　-- rational(adj.理性的) à irrational(adj.无理性的)
        　　-- resistible(adj.可抵抗的) à irresistlble(adj.不可抵抗的)
        　　5>in --主要用于其它字母开头的词之前
        　　-- human(adj.人性的) à inhuman(adj.野蛮的)
        　　-- correct(adj.正确的) à incorrect(adj.不正确的)
        　　-- justice(n.正义, 公平) à injustice(n.不正义, 不公平)
        　　-- sincere(adj.真诚的) à insincere(adj.虚假的, 不真诚的)
        　　6>un --只能用于形容词和动词之前
        　　不
        　　-- happy(adj.快乐的) à unhappy(adj.不幸的, 不快乐的)
        　　-- friendly(adj.友好的) à unfriendly(adj.不友好的)