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在各类中高级考试中，比如考研、GRE、GMAT、托福、雅思等，长难句一直是同学们很难克服，却又不得不面对的一个拦路虎。在平时上课过程中，我们能听到各种各样对长难句的抱怨："作者写那么长的句子干什么！""看到长难句就懵了！""感觉句子里没有生词，却依然不理解长句子的意思""有的长句看着看着就忘了是关于什么的了""我看懂了，就是说不出来是什么意思。"一般说来，我们用汉语表达没有太大问题，那么他为什么说不出来呢？原因很简单：似乎看懂了，其实是假象。如何解决这个问题？让我们跟着新概念第四册，把长难句的问题搞定！
要想把长难句分析清楚，我们必不可少的是学会句子结构。在不懂句子的情况下去分析长难句，无疑是必败的。
在本书开篇第1课Finding fossil man里，给我们提供了各类基本句型，为后续的学习打下基础。以that为例，很多同学认为它不起眼，但却功能巨大：
1. We can read of things that happened 5, 000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. （含定语从句，其中that作主语）
2. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas --- legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. （定语从句，其中that做状语）
3. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. （宾语从句，其中that不做成分）
4. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. （状语从句，that不做成分）
我们可以看到，短短一篇文章里出现了四次that在不同情况下的用法。这个词怎么这么神通广大？其实我们应该这么问：怎么才能分析出句子里的各种成分？因为在此that只是一个代表而已。
经过密集的句子结构训练，我们会逐渐培养对句子结构的分析能力，而只有我们对句型有了更多了解之后，我们才能有能力把握各种长难句。
在第19课The stuff of dreams里：
5. First the electroencephalograph which is simply a device for recording the electrical activity of the brain by attaching electrodes to the scalp shows that while there is a change in the pattern of activity during sleep, there is no evidence that the total amount of activity is any less. 在这个句子里，如果我们懂了句子结构，我们就能很清楚地看出这个句子的脉络：… the electroencephalograph …shows that …, there is no evidence…
在第37课The process of ageing里：
6. It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars, accidents and diseases we shall eventually 'die of old age', and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person, so that there are heavy odds in favour of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty. 这算是一个比较长的句子了，但通过系统的训练达到对句子结构熟悉以后, 我们同样可以轻松看出主干：
It is one of … discoveries … that …, that…, and that … 长长的句子瞬间变短了，主干信息抓住了，我们在阅读时对于句子内容的理解不会跑偏，阅读时间也省了不少，一举多得！
通过上文我们可以看出，对新概念第四册的系统学习，能够使同学们切实做到：长难句，不再难！ |
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发表于 2016-7-11 22:43:48