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《新概念英语》素来被西方社会视为广为流传、家喻户晓的英语圣经级教材；然而众多中国学子除了将本教材进行倒背如流之外，在欣赏其语言的优美性以及挖掘其语言的实用性方面却一筹莫展。本文将通过解剖《新概念英语》第三册的某些课文例句，帮助大家把所学的知识点做到学习致用。
1. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. ( Lesson 4)
句型解剖：Such + be动词 + 名词/名词短语 + that…… 这就是……/ 此乃……
上述结构的常规语序是：名词/名词短语 + be动词 + such + that……,其中that引导的such一词的同位语从句，即例句也能改成：Human nature is such that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. 而作者把such抛置句首，旨在起到强调作用.
联想运用：
1）人只有在失去后才懂得珍惜，在生病后才意识到健康的可贵，这是常见的事情。
Such is human nature that many people would not be grateful for what they have until they lose it and likewise, they would not be conscious of health until they are ill. 或者
Human nature is such that many people would not be grateful for what they have until they lose it and likewise, they would not be conscious of health until they are ill.
2） 这就是生活，每个人都靠卖某种东西而生存：老师靠卖知识而生存；哲学家靠卖智慧而生存；牧师靠卖精神安慰而生存。
Such is life that everyone lives by selling something：teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comforts.
3） 社会上的情况就是如此，技术是必须付钱去买的，就像在商店里要花钱买商品一样。(新概念第三册，L27)
The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. 或者
Such are conditions of society that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop.
4） 这就是幸福，它像一只蝴蝶，当你要追逐它的时候，总是追不到；当时如果你悄悄地坐下来，它也许会飞落到你身上。
Such is happiness that it is like a butterfly, which, when pursued, is always just beyond your grasp, but which, if you sit down quietly, may alight upon you.
5） 这就是成功的秘诀，多一点点努力，多一点点决心，多一点点热情，多一点点持久，你就能创造出多一点点的奇迹。
Such is the secret to success that a little bit more efforts, a little bit more determination, a little bit more enthusiasm and a little bit more perseverance will help to achieve a little bit more miracle.
6) 我的生活原则就是：生活在现在而不是过去；不要让过去影响我的日常生活；不要让过去干扰我的思维；不要让过去妨碍我做到最好。
Such are my philosophies of life that “live in the present instead of in the precedent; stop the past from influencing my daily life; stop the past from interfering my thought; stop the past from reducing my personal best.”
7) 这就是人生，需要忍受的太多，能够享受的太少。
Such is life that there is much to be endured and little to be enjoyed.
8) 这就是经验，它并不是一个人能遇到什么，而是一个人能够处理他所遇到的一切。
Such is experience, that it is not what happens to a man but what a man does with what happens to him.
9） 这就是婚姻，它好比鸟笼，外面的鸟儿想进进不去，里面的鸟儿想出出不来。 Such is marriage, that it may be compared to a cage: the birds outside despair to get in and those within despair to get out.
2. This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for Ellesmere Corporation. (Lesson 4)
句型解剖： ……,as is did in the case of sb / sth——某人、某事就是这么一个例子；就像某人、某事那样。在写作中，同学们往往习惯用 “sb/sth is such an example”作为过渡来表示 “某人、某事就是这么一个例子”, 殊不知该表达已经落入陈词滥调。而上述过渡短语“as it did in the case of”却给人眼前一亮、耳目一新的感觉。其中的“case”就等同于“example”。而该结构的具体用法是：as it did in the case of之前通过一句话来描述一件事情或者一个现象，然后跟上短语as it did in the case of，并在其后面补充具体某人或某事（做前面那件事的人或符合前面那个现象的事情），如果后面有进一步修饰的需要，可以像例句那样再添加一个定语从句进行补充说明。
联想运用：
1）有时候乱子会闹得很大，就像最近在悉尼所发生的那场连环交通事故那样, 造成100人死亡。
Things can go wrong on a big scale, as it did in the case of a pile-up accident in Sydney recently which claimed the lives of 100 people.
2）到真正偏僻地方去旅游并不是一件愉快的事情，就像我妻子在一次巴尔干半岛的周游所发现的那样，在那里她受到了冷遇。
Visits to really remote places are seldom enjoyable, as it did in the case of my wife on a tour to the Balkans where she received the cold shoulder.
3）美是稍纵即逝的，就像培根在他的文章中曾经提到的那样：美犹如盛夏的水果，是容易腐烂而难保持的；世上有许多美人，她们有过放荡的青春，却迎受着愧毁的晚年。
Beauty is like a flash in the pan, as it does in the case of an essay by Bacon which says “Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt, and cannot last; and for most part it makes a dissolute youth, and an age a little out of countenance”. （因为该句并没牵涉到一个过去的动作，而是描述一般状态，所以结构“as it did in the case of”可以灵活调整为“as it does in the case of”）
4) 有人能用手指看书或辨认颜色，甚至能透过厚实的门或者是墙看到东西；一个名叫Tina的女孩就是这么一个例子，她的视力和正常人一样，但能用皮肤的不同部位辨认东西甚至看穿坚实的墙壁。
Some people can read and detect colors with their fingers and even see through solid doors and walls, as it does in the case of a girl named Tina who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls.
5) 有些动物会对主人产生深厚的私人感情。最近有一只名叫Daniel小狗就是这么一个例子，由于不可避免的情况他和主人分开后，竟然拒绝进食，最后消瘦至死。
Animals will develop a considerable degree of personal affection to their masters, as it did in the case a dog called Daniel, who refused to feed and pined to death when by some unavoidable circumstances he had been deprived of his master.
3. Cats never fail to fascinate human beings. ( Lesson 9)
句型解剖：never fail to do sth——总能做某事；肯定会做某事。never fail to 的字面意思是“不会失败做某事”，但考虑到汉语语言的习惯，作者把它翻成“总能做某事”。其实这个表达使用了双重否定的结构：never是否定词，fail是具有否定意义的词。用never fail to do sth 表示“总能做某事”比“can always”表达更远离中式英文的嫌疑，同样也使说话口气更具强调性。
另外，我们还可以从这个短语中得到一定的启发： never/not/ no + fail、avoid、evade、 miss、shortage、freedom(远离)等带有否定意义的词，都能构成双重否定。
联想运用：
1) 如果你收到这样的恳求，你肯定会遵照执行的。
If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!
2) 他总能在最后一刻赶到现场并替我解围。
He never fails to throw me a lifeline at the eleventh hour.
3) 每个人都受到了广告的影响。（新概念第三册，L26）
No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements.
4) 人人都得交税。
No one can evade taxes.
5) 你肯定会在人群中找到她，因为她是那样的艳丽耀眼。
You can’t miss her in the crowd for she is so gorgeous.
6) 纽约到处都是高楼大厦。（新概念第三册，L9）
There is no shortage of tall buildings in New York.
7) 我们周围有很多情报贩子，向人们提供迅速发财致富的机遇。
There is no shortage of tipsters around offering ‘get-rich-quick’ opportunities. （新概念第四册，L48）
8) 我有的是钱。
I have no shortage of money.
9) 人人都会有烦恼事。
No one has freedom from anxieties.
4. One of the things that fascinates us most about cats is the popular belief that they have nine lives. ( Lesson 9)
句型解剖：one of the things that …… sb most about ……is…… 。本例句的意思是“关于猫，最令我们感兴趣的一件事就是一种通俗的信念——猫有九条命”。那么从中我们得出的句型“one of the things that …… sb most about ……is……”就相信翻译成“有关……最令某人感到……是……”。
联想运用：
1) 有关那些野生动物，最令人们感到不安的是一种推测，它们可能会给人类带来灾难和毁灭。
One of the things that disturbs humans most about those wild animals is the speculation that they may spell destruction and disasters.
2) 有关昨天的演出，最令人感到好笑的就是那个报幕员的表现，他太紧张了，出现了无数次口误。
One of the things that amused us most about yesterday’s play was the awkward performance by the advertiser who was so nervous as to make numerous slips of tongue.
3) 有关孩子们，最令父母感到恼火的是，他们总是滔滔不绝地称赞自己朋友家，却总是嫌弃自己家的饭菜、卫生或家具。
One of the things that annoys parents most about children is children’s constant praise of the homes of their friends and slur on their own cooking, cleaning and furniture.
4) 有关那老师，最令我感到震惊的是他那种有失身份和孩子气的做法。
One of the things that shocks me most about the teacher is his loss of dignity and descent to childish behavior.
5) 关于城市生活，给我影响最深刻的就是当成千上万人回到了他们乡间寓所之后，空旷的街头笼罩着宁静的气氛。
One of the things that impresses me most about the city life is the peace that descends on the deserted streets when the thousands that travel to work every day are tucked away in their homes in the country.
6) 有关坐飞机，最令人们感到刺激的就是，腾云驾雾，在20,000英尺高空以500英里的时速行驶。
One of the things that thrills people most about the aeroplanes is the exhilarating experience of traveling at a height of 20,000 feet, high above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour.
7) 有关坐长途汽车旅行，最令我感到受折磨的就是大部分的旅游时间全都花在了公路上，而且只有很少的服务设施，交通也很拥挤。
One of the things that afflicts me most about long car journey is the fact that most of the time will be spent on roads with too few service stations and too much traffic.
8) 昨天的演讲中，最令学生感到受鼓舞的是那个演讲者的一句话：任何一件坏事，总有比它更坏的；任何一个人断了腿，也应该庆幸不是断了脖子。
One of the things that encourages the students most about yesterday’s lecture is a sentence by the speaker“For every bad might be a worse, and when one breaks his leg let him be thankful that it is not his neck”.
9) 关于那架飞机让我们感到最不可思议的是，它能在任何地方降落：雪地上，水面上，甚至刚耕过的田里。
One of the things that astonishes us most about the plane is the fact that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field.
5. It has been said that everyone lives by selling something. In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. ( Lesson 27)
句型解剖： 1) in the light of
2) It has been said that…….. In the light of this statement……
3) 省略修辞
上述例句翻译为“根据这种说法，教师靠卖知识为生；哲学家靠卖智慧为生，而牧师则靠卖精神安慰为生。”
其中的“ in the light of”翻译为“根据；依据；按照”，其同义词组有：according to / in accordance with / on the basis of 。具体例句见下文例句1和例句2。
另外，作者还在例句给我们提供了一个写作开头的模版：
It has been said that……In the light of this statement…….
据说，……。根据这样的说法，……. (见下文例句3到例句6)
另外，这句话的剩下部分是一组排比句，三句话的谓语动词都是live by selling；作者在这里运用了“省略（Ellipsis）”的修辞方式。英语句子中的某些成份因上下已经提到过，为了避免不必要的重复，而使之不出现并不引起句子误解和歧义的的语言现象就叫“省略”。省略还能使上下文信息衔接更紧密并起到突出新信息的作用。再来看上述例句，作者在这里省略了“live”，无形中就突出了后面两分句中人们卖的东西不一样；但如果把“selling by”也省略了，就会导致句子意思模糊不完整。具体例句见下文例句7到例句11。
联想运用：1）根据上述意见，我们将重新考虑我们的计划。
In the light of /According to /In accordance with / On the basis of the above views, we will reconsider our plan.
2）根据不同的民族特性，人们对幽默感的定义也不同。
People hold different definitions for ‘humor’ in the light of/ according to / in accordance with / on the basis of different national characteristics.
3）据说生活像一面镜子，能折射出在其前面的影像；根据这样的说法，充满爱意的人生活在充满爱意的世界里；充满敌意的人则生活在充满敌意的世界里。
It has been said that life is a mirror that reflects the image in front of it. In the light of this statement, a loving person lives in a loving world, a hostile person lives in a hostile world.
4）据说一个男人对于尘世的兴趣无非是他对于自我兴趣的泛滥。根据这样的说法，年少的时候，器小未盈，故而关心的只是一己私事；长大成人，也就是器大满盈，或为政客、或为哲学家、或者探险家和冒险家；垂老之年，器内枯竭，再也无法泛滥，于是人复为童子。
It has been said that a man’s interest in the world is only the overflow from his interest in himself. In the light of this statement, when you are a child your vessel is not yet full, so you care for nothing but your own affairs; when you grow up, your vessel overflows, and you are a politician, a philosopher, or an explorer and adventurer; in old age the vessel dries up, there is no overflow and you are a child again. ( 改自“Heartbreak House 伤心之家”——By George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳)
5）据说，英国人凡是都根据原则去做。根据这样的说法，他与你打仗时是根据爱国主义原则；他抢劫你时是根据商业原则；他奴役你时是根据宗主国原则；他欺负你时是根据男子汉原则；他支持君主时是根据效命王室原则；将君主斩首时又根据共和政体原则。
It has been said that an Englishman does everything on principles. In the light of this statement, he fights you on patriotic principles; he robs you on business principles; he enslaves you on imperial principles; he bullies you on manly principles; he supports his king on loyal principles and cuts off his king’s head on republican principles. ( 改自“Napoleon 拿破仑”——By George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳)
6）据说，凡人总是被修饰得尽善尽美。根据这样的说法，艺术家耍弄花招而使得凡人比他们的实际面貌更为奇妙；舞蹈家们向我们展示的凡人走路姿态优美，远胜过他们实际走路的样子；电影书本戏剧向我们展示的人们谈吐妙趣横生，远胜于他们实际谈吐的内容；歌手和乐师向我们展示的凡人发出的声音悦耳动听，远胜于凡人实际发出的声音。
It has been said that human being are always disguised to perfection. In the light of this statement, artists use frauds to make human beings seem more wonderful than they really are; dancers show us human beings who move much more gracefully than human beings really move; films and books and plays show us people talking much more entertainingly than people really talk; singers and musicians show us human beings making sounds far more lovely than human being really make. ( 改自“When I Was Twenty-One 当年我才二十一”——By Kurt Vonnegut 库特·冯内古特)
7）让这个民有、民治、民享的政府与世长存。
…… and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth. （Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln）
这句话中的government of the people, by the people, and for the people，很明显，后两半句省略了重复的government一词。
8）有一个字经常被人亵渎，我不会再来亵渎；有一种感情经常被人假意鄙薄，你也不会再来鄙薄；何须再加提防！
One word is too often profaned for me to profane it, one feeling too often falsely disdained for thee to disdain it, one hope too often like despair for prudence to smother. ( 雪莱爱情诗——To 致)
这个片段包含三个排比句，其中后两句省略了谓语动词is。
9）读书使人充实；交谈使人机敏；摘录使人精确。
Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man and writing an exact man. (By Bacon 选自培根美文)
这句话的后半句两次省略了前半句的谓语动词makes。
）读书可以作为娱乐，作为装饰，作为能力的培养。娱乐的作用常见于离群独处时；装饰的作用体现在高谈阔论时；至于才能，则表现在裁处事务上。
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. (By Bacon 选自培根美文)
后两处斜体字部分都是和第一处斜体字部分“Their chief use for delight”相对应，因此后两处省略了“Their chief use”。
11）我们乘火车而行，领略窗户外流动的景色：附近公路上驰骋的汽车，十字路口处挥手的孩童，远处山坡上吃草的牛羊，发电器里冒出的滚滚浓烟……（from Relish the Moment by Robert J. Hastings）
Out the windows, we drink in the passing scene of cars on nearby highways, of children waving at a crossing, of cattle grazing on a distant hillside, of smoke pouring from a power plant……
结构“drink in the passing scene of”翻译为“领略窗户外流动的景色”，因为几个并列分句中的这个短语反复出现，所以后面几个分句中省略了“drink in the passing scene”。
6. There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives……( Lesson 27)
句型解剖： There are times when 有些时候
“There be句型”的精彩使用
可能“There be句型”对大多数英语学习者来说并不属于语言难点，它一般表示“东西或事情的存在性”。然而通过上述例句的欣赏，我们不难感受到：“There be句型”还有很多用途，无论在口语上还是书面语中都深受老外青睐；比如例句中的“There are times when”这一结构好比我们平时说的“sometimes”一词。我们还可以进行联想拓展：
There are several/many times when 不止一次/有好多次
There are those times when 有那么些时候
There are occasions when 在某些情况下
There are seconds when 很多瞬间
There were days/times when 曾经有些时候
There is a place where 在某个地方
There are many reasons why 存在着很多原因
There are many people who 很多人都……
我们还可以联想“表示时间”的短语：The time is near when……不久之后
联想运用： 1) 有些时候我会感觉到自己被忽略了。
There are times when I feel overlooked.
2) 有时她得了病，一连数月甚至几年卧床不起；有时她工作起来日以继夜，像机器似的不知疲倦。
There are times when she was ill and confined to bed for months even for years. There are times when she worked day and night, like a tireless machine
3) 有好多次我真怀疑他的身份。
There are many times when I am suspicious of his identity.
4) 人总有那么些时候会莫明其妙心情低落甚至会大发脾气。
There are those times when people are in low spirit and even throw a fit without any reason.
5) 某些情况下人不得不让步。
There are occasions when we must yield.
6) 很多瞬间，我有一种想自杀的冲动。
There are seconds when I have the impulse to commit suicide.
7) 曾经有些时候我很着迷网络游戏。
There were days/times when I was addicted to Internet game.
8) 在世界的某个地方，有个人在等你。
There is a place in the world where someone is waiting for you.
9) 世界上的很多地方，人们仍旧在为吃不饱而发愁。
There are many places in the world where people are afflicted by starvation.
10) 关于为什么我想到贵校就读，我有很多原因。
There are many reasons why I want to study with your university.
11) 很多人因为夺权谋位而勾心斗角。
There are many people who intrigue against each other for power and position.
12) 不计其数的人们从小就知道蜗牛可做菜。
There are countless people who, ever since their early years, have learned to associate snails with food. （新概念第三册， L23）
13) 不久之后他们将无力用现款购买这些防御武器。
The time is near when they will not be able to pay for them all in ready cash.
14) 不久之后他将辞掉巴黎的工作前往伦敦。
The time is near when he will give up the job in Paris and leave for London.
未完待续。 |
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发表于 2016-7-11 22:43:14