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新概念英语第二册语法精讲及练习
一.不定式
1.定义:具有名词、形容词及副词性质并具有时态、语态变化。
2.形式:(以do为例)
主动语态 被动语态
一般时 to do to be done
进行时 to be doing
完成时 to have done to have been done
完成进行时 to have been doing
3.用法:
(1)用作主语:
To speak good English is not easy.
or: It is not easy to speak good English.
(采用形式主语 it 以避免头重脚轻)
It took me an hour to do the work.
(2)用作宾语:
She decided to take the examination.
I hope to meet him soon.
(3)宾语补足语:
They expected us to help them.
Hewants his son to study hard.
金牌重点:
不定式作宾补,如谓语动词是感官动词,使役性动词(see, hear, notice, watch, make, have, let...),则不定式符号“to”须省略,但在被动语态中不能省。
I heard them sing in the classroom.
I made her clean the room.
The girl is heard to sing an English song.
(4)用作表语:To teach is to learn.
His job is to sell cars.
(5)用作状语,表示目的,结果。
We come to school to study English.(目的)
= in order to
I hurried to the store, only to find it closed.(结果)
(6)定语:不定式短语作定语须位于名词之后。
He asked for a piece of paper to write it on.
= to write it on the piece of paper.
The poor man has no house to live in.
= to live in the house.
Have you anything to do?
= to do anything
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