2011年12月英语四级考试高级语法讲义-独立主格结构

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　　2011年12月英语四级考试高级语法讲义
　　独立主格结构
　　
　　一 、独立结构的构成：
　　
　　只有当分词短语的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，我们才能用独立结构。独立结构只用做状语，多用于书面语言。常见的独立结构有以下几种：
　　

　　(一) 名词/代词+分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）：
　　1 The boy ran quickly, his father following. (表示伴随情况)
　　2 He lay on his back, his hands acrossed under his head. (表示伴随情况)
　　（二）名词/代词+形容词：
　　1、They started home, their minds full of plans for increasing production. (表示伴随情况)
　　2、 He was silent for a moment, his lips tight. (表示伴随情况)
　　（三）名词/代词+副词：
　　1、 He put on his socks, wrong side out. (表示补充说明)
　　2 、The war over, all the Chinese people’s volunteers came back to China. (表示补充说明)
　　（四）名词/代词+介词（短语）
　　1 、She came in, a baby in her arms. (表示伴随情况)
　　2 、He went off, gun in hand. (表示伴随情况)
　　二 独立结构在句子中的作用。
　　独立结构在句子中只能做状语，这种结构可以用来：
　　（一）表示时间：
　　His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.
　　(=After his homework was done, he decided to go and see the play.)
　　（二）表示原因：
　　The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
　　(=Because the last bus having gone, we had to walk home. )
　　（三）表示条件：
　　Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.
　　(=If weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.)
　　（四）表示伴随情况或伴随状况：
　　They walked through the forest, an old hunter leading the way.
　　（五）表示补充说明：
　　He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one being a bedroom and the other being an office.
　　(=He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one was a bedroom, the other was an office.)
　　三 独立变格的变化
　　在带有逻辑主语的分词及其短语前加”with”
　　1、 ——Why are they talking all the equipment away?
　　——The job , they are packing up to leave.
　　A it to done B did C was did D done
　　2、Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than the man whose command of language is poor.