2015年6月英语四级考试模拟卷及答案解析(9)

英语自学网

　　Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) 
        　　Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
        　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: 
        　　Every year 100 million holiday—makers are drawn to the Mediterranean. With onethird of the world's tourist trade, it is the most popular of all the holiday destinations; it is also the most polluted.It has only 1 per cent of the world's sea surface, but carries more than half the oil and tar floating on the waters. Thousands of factories pour their poison into the Mediterranean, and almost every city, town and village on the coast sends its sewage, untreated, into the sea.
        　　The result is that the Mediterranean, which nurtured so many civilizations, is gravely ill—the first of the seas to fall victim to the abilities and attitudes that evolved around it. And the pollution does not merely keep back life of the sea—it threatens the people who inhabit and visit its shores. 
        　　The mournful form of disease is caused by sewage. Eightyfive per cent of the waste from the Mediterranean's 120 coastal cities is pushed out in to the waters where their people and visitors bathe and fish. What is more, most cities just drop it in straight off the beach; rare indeed are the places like Cannes and Tel Aviv which pipe it even half a mile offshore.
        　　Not surprisingly, vast areas of the shallows are awash with bacteria and it doesn't take long for these to reach people. Professor William Brumfitt of the Royal Free Hospital once calculated that anyone who goes for a swim in the Mediterranean has a one in seven chance of getting some sort of disease. Other scientists say this is an overestimate; but almost all of them agree that bathers are at risk. Industry adds its own poisons. Factories cluster round the coastline, and even the most modern rarely has proper wastetreatment plant. They do as much damage to the sea as sewage.
        　　But the good news is that the countries of the Mediterranean have been coming together to work out how to save their common sea.
        　　 21. The causes of the Mediterranean's pollution is ____. 
        　　A) the oil and tar floating on the water
        　　B) many factories put their poison into the sea
        　　C) untreated sewage from the factories and coastal cities 
        　　D) there are some sorts of diseases in the sea
        　　22. Which of following consequence of a polluted sea is not true according to the passage?
        　　A) Bring up so many civilizations. 
        　　B) Various diseases in the sea.
        　　C) It threatens the inhabitants and travelers.
        　　D) One in seven chance of getting some sort of disease swimming in the sea. 
        　　23. The word “sewage”refer to ____. 
        　　A) poison  C) liquid material
        　　B) waste  D) solid material
        　　24. Why does industry do much damage to the sea?
        　　A) Because most factories have proper wastetreatment plants.
        　　B) Because many factories have not proper wastetreatment plants even the most modern one.
        　　C) Because just the modern factory has a waste treatment plant. 
        　　D) Because neither ordinary factories nor most modern ones have p roper wastetreatment plants.
        　　25. What is the passage mainly about? 
        　　A) Save the world.
        　　B) How the people live in the Mediterranean sea. 
        　　C) How the industry dangers the sea. 
        　　D) Beware the dirty sea.
        　　Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: 
        　　THE CLASSROOM is a man's world, where boys get twothirds of the teachers' attention — even when they are in a minority— taunt (辱骂) the girls without punishment, and receive praise for sloppy work that would not be tolerated from girls. They are accustomed to being teachers' pets, and if girls get anything like equal treatment, they will protest eagerly and even wreck lessons.
        　　These claims are made in a book out this week, written by Dale Spender, a lecturer at the London University Institute of Education. She argues that discrimination against girls is so deeply in coeducational schools that single sex classes are the only answer.Her case is based on taperecordings of her own and other teachers' lessons. Many of them, like Spender, had deliberately set out to give girls a fair chance. “Sometimes,” says Spender, “I have even thought I have gone too far and have spent more time with the girls than the boys.”
        　　The tapes proved otherwise. In 10 taped lessons (in secondary school and college), Spender never gave the girls more than 42 per cent of her attention (the average was 38 percent) and never gave the boys less than 58 percent. There were similar results for other teachers, both male and female. 
        　　In other words, when teachers give girls more than a third of their time, they feel that they are cheating the boys of their rightful share. And so do the boys themselves. “She always asks the girls all the questions,” said one boy in a classroom where 34 per cent of the teachers' time was allocate d to girls. “She doesn't like boys, and just listens to the girls.” said a boy in another class, where his sex got 63 per cent of teacher attention. 
        　　Boys regarded twothirds of the teacher's time as a fair deal — and when they got less they caused trouble in class and even complained to higher authority. “It's important to keep their attention,” said one teacher, “Otherwise, they play you up something awful.”
        　　Spender concludes that, in mixed classes, if the girls are as boisterous and pushy as the boys, they are considered “unladylike”, if they are docile and quiet, they are ignored.
        　　 26. If boys are better treated in class, ____ would be better. 
        　　A) singlesex classes and coeducational classes
        　　B) coeducational classes
        　　C) singlesex classes 
        　　D) None of the above
        　　27. Dale Spender obtained the evidence for her claims by ____ .
        　　A) her own lessons in secondary school and college
        　　B) the other teachers' taperecordings 
        　　C) both male and female teachers
        　　D) taperecordings of her own and other teachers' lessons
        　　28. What are the boy's reactions when girls are given more attention?
        　　A) They will keep the teachers' attention again.
        　　B) They will make some trouble and complain to the headmaster.
        　　C) They will play up the teacher something awful.
        　　D) They will feel they are cheated by teachers.
        　　29. The word “boisterous” in the last paragraph probably means ____. 
        　　A) rough B) brave  C)troublesome D) emotional
        　　30. The best title for this passage would be ____. 
        　　A) boys are teachers' pets
        　　B) boys do better in coeducational classes
        　　C) singlesex classes are better than coeduationed classes 
        　　D) girls do better than boys 
        　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
        　　 Gestures aren't the only area in which the unwary traveler can get tripped up. Foreign cultures adhere to different business customs and behavior. For example: 
        　　Caffeine junkies should restrain themselves in the Middle East.“Three cups of tea or coffee isusually the polite limit in offices and during social calls,” counsels “Travel Pak, ” a free publication of Alia, the Royal Jordanian Airline. “But if your host keeps going, you also may continue sipping. If you've had your fill, give your empty cup a quick twist  a sort of wiggle—as you hand it back. That means “No more, thank you.” 
        　　Middle East visitors also should not be surprised “if others barge right into the office in the middle of your conversation with the person you are seeing,” notes “Travel Pak.” An old Arab custom calls for keeping an “open office.”
        　　The British, however, consider it impolite to interrupt a visitor, even after all business has been transacted. The commercial caller is expected to be sensitive to this point, know when to stop, and initiate his or her own departure.
        　　In Japan certain guests at evening business gatherings will leave early. They should be allowed to leave without effusive goodbyes. The Japanese consider formal departures to be disruptive in such cases and disturbing to remaining guests.
        　　In Scandinavia and Finland business guests may be asked to shed their clothes and join their hosts in a sauna. The invitation is a sign that a good working relationship has been established. 
        　　In the Arab world, the word “no” must be mentioned three times before it is accepted. In contrast, it is considered good business manners to make many and long efforts to pick up the check.
        　　In the People's Republic of China, gift giving is considered an insult, says Patrick J. Lewis, President of Club Universe, a Los Angeles tour operator. “If you want to give someone a gift, make sure it's modest in value.
        　　This will not be considered offensive, but it may be declined, ” The Chinese manner of expressing friendship and welcome is to clap. Lewis adds. “You may be greeted with clapping when entering a factory, hospital, commune, or school.Politeness dictates that you respond with applause, even though it may seem like you're clapping for yourself.”
            
            

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        　　 31. In the Middle East, it is considered ____. 
        　　A) impolite to drink at least 3 cups of coffee
        　　B) impolite to drink more than 3 cups of coffee unless your host drinks more 
        　　C) polite to ask the host to give you as more as he can 
        　　D) polite to leave a party as early as you want
        　　32. In Japan, the guest at an evening party will ____. 
        　　A) leave early without saying goodbye 
        　　B) stay as long as he can
        　　C) stay to have a swimming with the host
        　　D) present their business cards immediately 
        　　33. In Finland, business guests may ____.
        　　A) take flowers to the host
        　　B) send an expensive gift to the host
        　　C) have a swimming or sauna with the host
        　　D) present a business card
        　　34. In China, a gift to the host means ____. 
        　　A) attemption to praise the host
        　　B) a modest manner 
        　　C) a respondence of applause
        　　D) offended action to the host's dignity
        　　35. Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?
        　　A) Uninvited visitors are welcome in Middle Eastern office.
        　　B) In Britain, business visitors can stay as long as they like.
        　　 C) In China, people may greet a foreigner's entering a school with clapping. 
        　　D) In the Arab world, saying “No” for 3 times until it is accepted.
        　　Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
        　　W hat is the importance of the AfroAmerican history to all Americans? How could AfroAmericans contribute anything to American history when they were just slaves and servants? This is the image which many of us are taught when we go to school. This is the image many AfroAmericans have of themselves also. The AfroAmericans need to remake their real historical image so that it is known and accepted in its truthfulness by themselves and the rest of the world. Men and women of darker color are human beings entitled to respect and acceptance in history.
        　　When we think of famous scientists and inventors we immediately think of men such as Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison and Jonas E.Salk. This is because we associate famous people with the AngloSaxon race. But what about the AfroAmerican inventors and scientists? How many men during World War Ⅰ owe their lives to Garrett Morgan who invented the gas mask? Garrett Morgan also invented the traffic light which saves numerous lives on our streets. Daniel Hale Williams was the first successful heart surgeon. Charles Drew saved hundreds of thousands of lives during World War II by his discovery of the ways and means of preserving blood plasma. Percy Julian has helped millions suffering from the excruciating pain of arthritis. These men and others should be as easily recognized as Bell, Edison and Salk. 
        　　America is made up of many different blends of cultures. These many cultures have come to enrich and diversify the American way of life. We should not think, because history has neglected to include the background of a particular culture, that these people have an inferior history. We should search for the truth and set the record straight against the slanders, the stereotyping and false images which have identified these people. We should understand each of the cultures and learn of their specific contribution to America's lifestory.
        　　Only after we are taught the complete and accurate history of our great country and learn that the blending of cultures and backgrounds gives us ourstrength, can we go forward on the path to peace.
        　　 36. The function of the first paragraph is to ____. 
        　　A) present the main idea or the summary of the essay 
        　　B) present an introduction to the topic
        　　C) provide background to the main theme
        　　D) present many cultures have contributed to American history 
        　　37. Which of the following statements is true?
        　　A) Graham Bell, T.Edison and J.E.Salk are not very important people.
        　　B) Black people who contribute to society should have equal recognition with their white colleagues.
        　　C) We should not associate famous people with the AngloSaxon race only.
        　　D) G.Morgan, D.H.Williams and Charles Drew were not AfroAmericans. 
        　　38. Paragraph three tells us that ____.
        　　A) we should oppose slander and stereotyping
        　　B) the American way of life is richer because it is made up of many cultures
        　　C) some cultures have been completely neglected 
        　　D) AfroAmericans have an inferior history 
        　　39. The word “image” refers to ____. 
        　　A) picture B) portray C) impression D) similar 
        　　40. The main idea of the passage is ____.
        　　A) There are many AfroAmericans who are famous as scientists and inventors
        　　B) Many AfroAmericans have devoted to American history
        　　C) AfroAmerican experience to American history
        　　D) AfroAmerican history must be recognized as an important part of American history
        　　Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)
        　　Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
        　　 41. Hardly had the minister finished his statement ____ several reporters raised their hands and put forward a string of questions.
        　　A) when B) as C) then D) than
        　　42. The impact of this wellknown book might not have been so far reaching ____ for Mr.William, who dared to publish it.
        　　A) if had it not been C) is it not being B) had it not been D) its only having been
        　　43. There were a lot ____ criticisms in the paper than expected. 
        　　A) of C) of more B) more D) much more
        　　44. You shouldn't ____ that last week and you should do it next week.
        　　A) have done C) be doing  B) do D) have to do
        　　45. Your father likes to play golf; he's really enthusiastic ____it. 
        　　A) by B) about C) with D) on
        　　46. They have been waiting for many hours to see the singer, but the airplane must have been ____. 
        　　A) off time C) ahead of schedule B) on time D) behind schedule
        　　47. He insisted that we all ____ in his office at one o'clock. 
        　　A) be C) would be  B) to be D) shall be
        　　48. I have not found my book yet. I'm not sure ____ I could have done with it.
        　　A) whether C) why  B) what D) where
        　　49. I left very early last night, but I wish I ____ so early. 
        　　A) didn't leave C) haven't left B) hadn't left D) couldn't leave
        　　50. I'd get it for you ____ I could remember who last borrowed it. 
        　　A) except that C) if only B) on condition that D) considering whether
        　　51. I did not call to make my airline reservation, but I ____. 
        　　A) should have C) must have B) may have D) shall have
        　　52. He is sure that there was a flying saucer over there. If he hadn't seen it himself, he ____ it.
        　　A) never have believed B) never did believe C) could never believeD) would never have believed
        　　53. I guess Jones didn't have a chance to win the election. ____ the people in the city voted for his opponent.
        　　A) Most all of C) Almost all of
        　　B) Most of all D) Almost the whole of
        　　54. The cottage will be cold. Make sure ____ the heater. 
        　　A) you light C) lighting
        　　B) for lighting D) you'll light
        　　55. There are times when the ____ on the road to success prevent our reaching our goals.
        　　A) barriers C) boundaries  B) blocks D) accidents
        　　56. Persons of all ages are ____ to enjoy the country's medical care.
        　　 A) asked C) willing  B) entitled D) required
        　　57. The Indian guide ____ the danger ahead on the muddy, wet road.
        　　A) ignored C) warned
        　　 B) heard about D) foresaw
        　　58. At the gathering, he talked ____ about the matter, dampening everyones spirits.
        　　A) in detail C) on end
        　　B) with ease D) in a confusing way
        　　59. His ____ and experience make him an excellent person for this job.
        　　A) complacency C) cooperation B) compensation D) capability
        　　60. During the strike, the electricity was cut off for hours, so we had to ____ candles for lighting.
        　　A) manage with C) carry out B) turn on D) keep to
        　　61. Susan must ____ quite well on the exam since she seems so confident of passing.
        　　A) do C) be done
        　　B) have been doing D) have done
            
            

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        　　62. “How many from your class went abroad?” “ ____ but one”. 
        　　A) Any B) Some C) All D) Most
        　　63. I wish Bill would drive us to the train station but he has ____ to take us all.
        　　A) very small a car C) a too small car B) too small a car D) such a small car
        　　64. Astronomers were glad to know that their ____ about the moon were correct.
        　　A) suppositions C) philosophy B) descriptions D) summarization
        　　65. Lucille has been feeling ____ recently.
        　　A) under the weather C) cold B) in the weather D) isolated
        　　66. Unwise judgment and bad management caused the small company to ____.
        　　A) set another record C) go broke B) reduce its production D) go down
        　　67. Each day in summer, teenagers go to the beach, hoping to ____ a beautiful tan. 
        　　A) lose C) bathe  B) help D) acquire
        　　68. Heating ____ into the students' dormitories now. 
        　　A) is putting C) is been put
        　　B) is being put D) has been putting
        　　69. We know that Mr.Smith has an extremely tight schedule, but we believe he should have ____ time at least for his supporters.
        　　A) a little C) little  B) one D) a
        　　70. All the members are participating in the scheme ____ a few small firms.
        　　A) except C) except for
        　　 B) besides D) in addition to 
        　　Part Ⅳ Cloze (15 minutes) Directions:
        　　There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 
        　　Each human being is born as something new,__ (71)__ that never existed before.He is born with__ (72)__ he needs to win at life. Each person in his own__ (73)__ can see,hear,touch,taste, and think__(74)__ himself. Each has his own unique __(75)__ — his capabilities and limitations.__ (76)__ can be a significant,__ (77)__, aware, and creatively __(78)__ person in his own right — a winner. 
        　　The words “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When we refer __(79)__ a person as a winner, we do not mean one__ (80)__ beats the other guy__ (81)__ winning over him and __(82)__ him lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being __ (83)__ , trustworthy, responsive, and genuine,__ (84)__ as an individual and as a member of__ (85)__.
        　　A loser is one who fails to respond authentically. Martin Buber __(86) __this idea as he retells an old story of a rabbi who on his __(87)__ bed sees himself as a loser. The rabbi laments that, in the world to come, he will not be asked why he wasn't Moses; he will be asked why he wasn't __(88)__.
        　　 Few people are one hundred percent winners or one hundred percent losers. It's a__ (89)__ of degree. However, once a person is on the road to being a winner, his chances are greater for becoming even more __(90)__. This book is intended to facilitate the journey.
        　　 71. A) everything B) anything C) something D) thing 
        　　72. A) that B) what C) which D) how
        　　73. A) way B) case C) method D) appetite
        　　74. A) of B) to C) for D) about
        　　75. A) possibilities B) abilities C) potentials D) energy 
        　　76. A) One B) All C) Every D) Each
        　　77. A) thinking B) think C) thought D) have thought
        　　78. A) produce B) productive C) product D) productivity 
        　　79. A) as B) to C) for D) on
        　　80. A) what B) those C) which D) who 
        　　81. A) with B) for C) on D) by
        　　82. A) making B) let C) letting D) make
        　　83. A) credit B) believing C) credible D) believed
        　　84. A) all B) both C) which D) each
        　　85. A) society B) group C) community D) party
        　　86. A) takes B) tells C) speaks D) expresses 
        　　87. A) die B) death C) dying D) died 
        　　88. A) his B) him C) himself D) self
        　　89. A) matter B) case C) thing D) something 
        　　90. A) than B) much C) then D) so
        　　Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)
        　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic, “The Way to Success” based on the following outlines. Your composition should be no less than 100 words.
        　　 1. 每个人都试图在事业上获得成功。
        　　 2. 意志坚强、锲而不舍、勤奋进取是成功的三大要素。
        　　 3. 我坚信…… 答案
        　　Part Ⅱ 1
        　　 短文大意
        　　 本文讲的是地中海的污染原因及结果。地中海是旅游胜地，是许多文明的发源地，但是现在的地中海却污染严重。因为许多沿岸的城市、工厂、村庄未经处理就将废物排放入地中海，这样，海中有害物质及废物给细菌病菌的繁殖创造了条件。所以在地中海游泳是很危险的，好在地中海沿岸国家一直在设法挽救其共同的地中海。 
        　　21. 答案C。
        　　 【参考译文】 地中海的污染原因是什么?
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查考生区分原因与现象的能力。
        　　 【详细解答】 A. 指的是石油和(焦油)漂浮于水面上，这是现象而非原因,因此不正确。B.指出许多工厂将有毒物放进海里。这只是一个方面,因此也不正确。C. 谈的是来自工厂和沿海城市中没有经过处理的废物,这在文中提到了,因此为正确答案。D.谈到海中有几种疾病，这也是现象而非原因。
        　　22. 答案A。
        　　 【参考译文】 根据本文，海洋污染造成的后果中，以下哪项不对?  【试题分析】 此题为判断因果关系题。  【详细解答】 A.提供了诸多的文明;B.海洋中各种疾病;C.污染使当地居民和旅行者感到恐惧;D.如果在海里游泳七个人中就有一个会染上疾病。从文章中我们知道B、C、D都是污染所产生出的结果,因此A是正确答案。
        　　23. 答案B。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查考生根据上下文推测单词意义的能力。
        　　 【详细解答】 A.有毒物质;B.废物;C.液体材料;D.固体材料。从文中我们知道sewage 的含义为废物。
        　　24. 答案B。
        　　 【参考译文】 为什么工业会给海洋带来更多的危害?  【试题分析】 本题为细节判断题，可用排除法。
        　　 【详细解答】 A.因为许多工厂有适当的废物处理厂;B.因为许多工厂甚至最现代化的工厂
        　　都很少有废物处理厂;C.因为仅仅现代工厂有废物处理工厂; D.因为普通工厂和最现代化工厂都没有废物处理工厂,很明显选项B是正确的。 
        　　25. 答案D。
        　　 【参考译文】 此文的主要大意是什么?
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查对全文主旨的理解。  【详细解答】 本文讲的是地中海的污染原因及结果。A. 拯救世界, 范围太大,不对。B. 地中海地区的人们是怎样生活的,这也不正确。 C. 工业是如何危害海洋,这只是污染的一个方面。 D. 警惕污染了的海洋,这一答案最贴近,因此,D为正确答案。
        　　 2
        　　 短文大意
        　　 伦敦教育学院的老师Dale Spender认为教室是男孩子的天下，老师的2/3的注意力在男孩身上。男孩子是老师宠爱的对象。她认为单性别课堂是解决老师偏心的唯一方法。她的结论表明，如果老师对男生的注意力如果达不到2/3的话，老师自己也觉得对男孩子们重视不够;男孩子们则会制造麻烦甚至向领导发牢骚。Spender认为在混合班里，如果女孩子安静顺服就易被忽视，否则又会被认为不象女孩。
        　　 26. 答案C。
        　　 【参考译文】 如果男孩在课堂上受待遇更好的话, 那么哪种课堂形式将更好?  【试题分析】 此题考查考生对开头两段内容的理解。  【详细解答】 A. 单性别课堂和混合课堂教育更好;B 混合课堂教育更好,正是在混合课堂,男生更吸引老师的注意。 C. 单性别课堂教育更好,这是正确答案,这样就不会有老师偏心的问题。 D.以上的答案都不对。
        　　27. 答案D。
        　　 【参考译文】 黛尔?斯潘德通过什么证据得出她的这一结论?  【试题分析】 此题为寻找并理解具体信息题。
        　　 【详细解答】 从文中我们得知是通过她自己及其他教师的课堂录音记录。 A. 通过她自己在中学和大学的课堂,显然不正确。 B. 其他教师的课堂记录， C. 男性和女性教师的课堂，也不正确。
        　　28. 答案B。
        　　 【参考译文】 女孩得到更多注意时,男孩会有何反应?  【试题分析】 此题考查考生对文章倒数第二段的理解。
        　　 【详细解答】 文中提到他们将会制造一些麻烦并向领导抱怨。 A.他们会再次引起老师的注意。B. 他们会制造麻烦及向领导发牢骚,B是正确答案。C.他们将使老师难看;D.他们将感到他们被老师欺骗, 这只是他们的感受而非反应,因此D也不正确。 
        　　29. 答案A。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查考生根据语境猜测生词的能力。
        　　 【详细解答】 boisterous 的含义是什么。 根据下文的unladylike(不像女孩似的),选项中只有rough( 粗鲁的)与之词义最接近。 B.勇敢;C.讨厌的;D. 感情用事的。
        　　30. 答案A。
        　　 【参考译文】 本文的标题是什么?
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查考生对文章主旨的理解。
        　　 【详细解答】 A, 男孩是老师的宠物(爱),本文主要篇幅在男生在课堂上如何受偏爱,因此A是正确答案。 B, 男生在混合教育课堂中做得好些。 C, 单性别课堂比混合教育课堂更好。D, 女生比男生做得好。 
        　　3
        　　短文大意
        　　 本文讲的是不同的文化里有着不同的商业习俗和行为。如在中东饮用三杯以上的咖啡被认为是不礼貌的，除非你的主人饮用更多。
        　　 在中东办公室里，不速之客同样受欢迎。但在英国则不同。在日本，客人不用对主人说再见就可提早离开晚会。在芬兰，商务客人可以与主人一起桑拿浴，在阿拉伯国家，说“不” 要说三遍才被接受。而在中国，送礼物给主人意味着侮辱，中国人表达友好的方式是鼓掌欢迎。
            
            

ensix

        　　31. 答案B。
        　　 【参考译文】 在中东什么被认为是风俗习惯?  【试题分析】 此题考查考生对第二段话的理解。
        　　 【详细解答】 A. 饮用至少三杯咖啡是不礼貌的;B,除非你的主人饮用更多的咖啡,如果你饮用三杯以上将被认为是不礼貌的。在文中提到了,因此为正确答案。C, 让主人给你足够多的咖啡是有礼貌的。D你可以想多早就多早离开晚会是礼貌的。
        　　32. 答案A。
        　　 【参考译文】 在日本,参加晚会的客人将怎么样?  【试题分析】 此题为寻找并理解具体信息题。
        　　 【详细解答】 A.可以不用对主人说再见就可提前离开。在文中日本的习俗就是这样, 因 此 , A为正确答案。 B他想呆多久就呆久。C留下来一起与主人游泳,这是另一国家的 习俗。 D立即出示他们的名片,这也是别国的风俗。
        　　33. 答案C。
        　　 【参考译文】 在芬兰,商务客人可以……  【试题分析】 此题为细节理解题。
        　　 【详细解答】 A.给主人带花去( 文章说这不是芬兰的习俗,因此,不是正确答案)。 B.给主人送昂贵的礼物。 C. 与主人一起游泳或桑拿浴。 D.出示名片。文章只提到了C项内容,故C正确。
        　　34. 答案D。
        　　 【参考译文】 在中国,送礼物给主人意味着什么?  【试题分析】 此题为直接寻找信息题。
        　　 【详细解答】 A向主人献媚;B一种谦虚的行为;C对赞扬的反应;D是一种侮辱行为。只有D项在文中提到了,因此D为正确答案。
        　　35. 答案B。
        　　 【参考译文】 下列陈述中哪一个不正确?
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查综合全文内容进行判断的能力。
        　　 【详细解答】 A未被邀请的客人在中东的办公室还是受欢迎的。这在文中提到过。 B在英国, 商务客人可以在办公室想呆多久就呆多久。这显然是不正确的。因此B为答案。 C在中国，人们鼓掌欢迎进学校的外国人。D在阿拉伯国家,说“不”要说三遍才被接受。 C和D在文中都提到了,因此不可选。 
        　　4
        　　 短文大意
        　　 本文讲述的是对非裔美国人的历史也应该作为美国历史的一个重要部分来认识。美国人的生活方式是丰富的，因为它由许多文化组成，包括非裔美国文化。应当了解每一种文化的真实完全的历史及其对美国历史的贡献，才能走向和平之途。我们不应该仅仅将著名的人物与盎格鲁?萨克逊民族联系在一起，美国黑人对美国同样有很大的贡献，而这些贡献应该与白人一样得到平等的认可。
        　　 36. 答案A。
        　　 【参考译文】 第一段的作用是什么?
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查考生对文章总体结构及大意的把握。
        　　 【详细解答】 A. 写明主要大意或本文的总结。根据全文可知A为正确答案。 B.表现出对主题的介绍; C. 提供出关于主题的背景; D.表现出各种各样的文化对美国历史的贡献。
        　　37. 答案C。
        　　 【参考译文】 下列陈述中哪一个是正确的?  【试题分析】 此题为细节判断题。
        　　 【详细解答】 Bell,Edison及Salk都是重要的人。从文中我们知道他们都是美国历史上很有成就的人,因此,A不是正确答案。 B对社会有贡献的黑人应与他们白人同事得到平等的认可。文中谈到的是黑人对美国历史所作的贡献应与白人一样得到平等的认可,因此, B也不是正确答案。 C我们不应该仅仅将著名的人与盎格鲁?萨克逊民族联系在一起。 从文中我们知道,C为正确答案。 D. Morgan, Williams及Drew 不是非裔美国人,而文中说他们都是。 因此,D不正确。
        　　38. 答案B。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查第三段的主要内容。
        　　 【详细解答】 A我们应该反对谣言与中伤。这只是第三段中的一部分, 因此不正确。 B美国人的生活方式是丰富的,因为它由许多文化组成。 这正是文中第三段所告诉我们的,因此为正确答案。 C有些文化已完全被忽视, 文中并未提到。 D非裔美国人的历史不太重要,显然与主题意思相反。
        　　39. 答案C。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查考生根据上下文推测生词意思的能力。
        　　 【详细解答】 A图像;B肖像;C印象;D相似。 image有“图像”之意,但在本文中,从上下文看不是此意,应为“印象”之意。 
        　　40. 答案D。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查全文主旨。  【详细解答】 本文的主要大意是非裔美国人的历史应该作为美国历史中重要的一个部分来认识。 A有许多著名的非裔美国科学家和发明家。B 许多非裔美国人为美国历史献身。 C非裔美国人受美国历史影响。
        　　Part Ⅲ
        　　 41. 答案A。
        　　 【参考译文】 部长一说完就有几名记者举手提了一连串的问题。  【试题分析】 此题为语法题，考查固定搭配。
        　　 【详细解答】 Hardly…when是固定关联词组,意为“一……就……” 类似的有:scarlely…when, no sooner…than, 因此正确答案为A。
        　　42. 答案B。 
        　　【参考译文】 要不是威廉先生敢于出版的话，这本众所周知的书不会有如此深远的影响。 
        　　【试题分析】 此题为语法题，考查虚拟语气的倒装结构。 
        　　【详细解答】 此句为虚拟语气。由助动词had置于主语前构成倒装句, 取代连词if从句。 本句中had it not been…=if it had not been…
        　　43. 答案B。
        　　 【参考译文】 报纸上的评论比期望的多得多。  【试题分析】 此题为词汇题。
        　　 【详细解答】 a lot作为副词性短语修饰比较级形容词more,意为“……得多”。类似的还有a little, a bit, much, far等。 
        　　44. 答案A。
        　　 【参考译文】 上周你本不该做的，你应该下周再做。  【试题分析】 此题为语法题，考查虚拟语气。
        　　 【详细解答】 should后接动词完成时表示过去不该做的事情实际上已经做了,是虚拟语气用法。 接动词原形表示现在与未来的情况,因此,A为正确答案。 
        　　45. 答案B。
        　　 【参考译文】 你父亲喜欢打高尔夫球，他真的很热衷于此。  【试题分析】 此题考查介词的搭配。
        　　 【详细解答】 enthusiastic热衷于,后面常接介词about。 
        　　46. 答案D。
        　　 【参考译文】 他们等着要见那位歌星，一直等了几个小时;飞机一定晚点了。  【试题分析】 此题为词义辨析题。
        　　 【详细解答】 on time 准时; ahead of schedule在……时间前 ,提前(ahead of time); behind schedule误点,脱班,晚点。
        　　47. 答案A。
        　　 【参考译文】 他坚决要求我们大家一点钟到他的办公室。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查宾语从句用虚拟语气的情况，为语法题。
        　　 【详细解答】 “insist”一词意思是“坚决要求”时，后面的句子用虚拟语气，即宾语从句的谓语用(should)+动词原形，其实表示“要求”或“建议”的词后面的宾语从句一般都要用虚拟语气，如：suggest, advise, ask, demand, order等等，值得注意的是，当“insist”意思是“坚持认为”时，后面并不接虚拟语气。“suggest”作“暗示”讲时，也不接虚拟语气。
        　　48. 答案B。
        　　 【参考译文】 我还没找到我的书，我不知道我把它怎么了。  【试题分析】 此题为语法题。
        　　 【详细解答】 此题考查宾语从句的引导词。高中时我们就学过“ do with…”，需与“what”搭配，而“deal with”需与“how”搭配，如：what have you done with my camel?这里“ what”是副词，意为“in what way”，“to what degree”。 
        　　49. 答案B。
        　　 【参考译文】 昨晚我很早就离开了，但是我很希望我没有那么早走。  【试题分析】 此题为语法题，考查虚拟语气。
        　　 【详细解答】 此句为wish的虚拟语气用法,即wish接从句时,从句谓语用过去时表示所愿望的事与现在事实相反; 从句谓语用过去完成时表示所愿望的事与过去事实相反。
        　　50. 答案B。
        　　 【参考译文】 如果我能想起谁最后借走了它，我会把它要来给你。  【试题分析】 此题为词义辨析题。
        　　 【详细解答】 except that除……之外;if only表示虚拟语气时,意为“若……就好了”,不用虚拟语气时意为“ 只要……”。on condition that 假使; considering就……而论。 只有B项符合句意。 
        　　51. 答案A。
        　　 【参考译文】 我没有打电话预订班机，但我本来应该的。  【试题分析】 此题为语法题。
        　　 【详细解答】 此题后半句的完整结构应为should have made my airline reservation，简略表达时,可省略助动词后的成分。should后面用完成时态表示过去该做的事未做,因此答案为A。
        　　52. 答案D。
        　　 【参考译文】 他确信那儿上空有飞碟，要不是他亲自看见的 话，他是不会相信的。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题为语法题，考查虚拟语气。
        　　 【详细解答】 本句为与过去事实相反的假使语气的条件句子,因此,主句语态(时态)用过去将来完成时,即would (could) +have+PP。因此,答案为D。 
        　　53. 答案C。
        　　 【参考译文】 我猜想琼斯是不可能在选举中获胜了，几乎所有的市民都投了他的对手的票。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查词的搭配。
        　　 【详细解答】 almost all of the people几乎全部人们;most of all大多数;A项搭配不正确;D项的whole一般不指代人。
        　　54. 答案A。
        　　 【参考译文】 这个农舍会很冷的，一定要把暖气开着。  【试题分析】 此题为语法题。
        　　 【详细解答】 make sure (that从句) 确信……, 从句中的动词用现在时态表示简单将来时,因此正确答案为A。
        　　55. 答案A。
        　　 【参考译文】 在通向成功的道路上总会遇到一些绊脚石拦住 了去路的时候。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题为词义辨析题。
        　　 【词义辨析】 barrier障碍,妨碍物;block大块物;boundary边界;accident意外事件。这几个词中，A选项含义最贴近。 
        　　56. 答案B。
        　　 【参考译文】 所有的人无论年纪大小都有权享受国家医疗保健。  【试题分析】 此题为词义辨析题。
        　　 【词义辨析】 be entitled to do sth.“有权做(享受)……”为固定结构; ask问,请求;willing adj.情愿的;required 被要求;A、C、D均不符合句意。
        　　57. 答案D。
        　　 【参考译文】 这位印度导游预见了前面泥泞路上的危险。  【试题分析】 此题为词义辨析题。
        　　 【词义辨析】 ignore 忽视;hear about听说;warn警告;foresee预言。 
        　　58. 答案C。
        　　 【参考译文】 在集会上，他不断地谈论此事，扫了大家的兴。  【试题分析】 此题为词义辨析题。
        　　 【词义辨析】 in detail详细地;with ease 轻易地,轻松地; on end不停地,无尽地;ina confusing way使人糊涂地。
        　　59. 答案D。
        　　 【参考译文】 他的能干和经验使他成为这项工作极好的人选。  【试题分析】 此题为词义辨析题。
        　　 【详细解答】 complacency 自满; compensation 补偿; cooperation 合作;capability能力。 
        　　60. 答案A。
        　　 【参考译文】 罢工期间，电被切断好几个小时，我们不得不设法用蜡烛来照明。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题为词汇题。
        　　 【详细解答】 manage with设法对付,想方设法解决;turn…on 开, 打开;carry out执行,完成任务;keep to保持。 
        　　61. 答案D。
        　　 【参考译文】 苏珊似乎对通过考试很自信，她一定考得不错。  【试题分析】 此题为语法题。
        　　 【详细解答】 must在本句中表示推断，后接完成式, 表示对过去发生的事情进行猜测。这种用法仅限于肯定形式。 如表示否定的猜测时, 则用can't/could not表示对现在事情的否定猜测; 用have been doing 或can't/couldn't have been done表示对过去事情的否定猜测。因此, 答案为D。 
        　　62. 答案C。
        　　 【参考译文】 “你们班多少人出国了?”“除了一人之外全出国了。”  【试题分析】 此题考查词的搭配。
        　　 【详细解答】 all but one表示除了一人以外的全部。因此,C为正确答案。 
        　　63. 答案B。
        　　 【参考译文】 我希望比尔开车送我们到火车站，但他的车太小容不下所有的人。  【试题分析】 此题为语法题。
        　　 【详细解答】 too后接形容词和名词时,名词前必须有不定冠词, 这一结构的词序为:too+adj.+a/an+n.如:how strange a person, so warm a day因此,A,C词序不对;D项单独看是正确的,但与后面的to搭配时, 与转折连词but无逻辑联系。
        　　64. 答案A。
        　　 【参考译文】 天文学家们很高兴知道他们关于月球的假定是正确的。  【试题分析】 此题为词义辨析题。
        　　 【词义辨析】 supposition n. 假定; description
        　　n. 描述, 描绘;philosophy n.哲学; summarization n.概括。
        　　65. 答案A。
        　　 【参考译文】 Lucille近来一直觉得身体不适。  【试题分析】 此题考查词义辨析。
        　　 【词义辨析】 under the weather生病的,不舒服的;in the weather 在天气方面;cold冷的;isolated孤立的。
        　　66. 答案C。
        　　 【参考译文】 判断失误, 管理糟糕, 导致了这家小公司的破 产。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查词义辨析。
        　　 【词义辨析】 set another record创新记录;reduce its production减产;go broke 破产;go down下降
        　　67. 答案D。
        　　 【参考译文】 夏季每天孩子们都去海滨,希望把皮肤晒成美丽的黄褐色。  【试题分析】 此题为词义辨析题。
        　　 【词义辨析】 lose失去;help v.帮助;bathe v.洗澡;acquire v.得到。 
        　　68. 答案B。
        　　 【参考译文】 现在学生宿舍正在安装暖气。  【试题分析】 此题为语法题。
        　　 【详细解答】 此题考查被动语态的进行式:be+being+PP.(过去分词)。 
        　　69. 答案A。
        　　 【参考译文】 我们知道史密斯先生的日程安排得很紧，但我们相信他至少该为他的支持者们留点时间。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题为词义辨析题。
        　　 【词义辨析】 此题为肯定意义,而little表示否定含义;one time,a time一般不单独与have搭配。只有A项符合句意。 
        　　70. 答案A。
        　　 【参考译文】 除了几个小公司以外，所有的成员公司都参加了这一计划。  【试题分析】 此题为词义辨析题。
        　　 【词义辨析】 except除……之外,通常与nothing,every,all等词连用。其后跟的宾语与句子的宾语或主语通常为并列关系, 如本题的a few small firms与句子主语为并列关系。又如 I found nothing, except an empty room. (an empty room与句子宾语nothing为并列关系)。except for除……有, ……之外;besides 除……之外(还);in addition to　除……之外 (还), 同时。此题也可以用except for,但是,若句子前部分有all, everything, no one, nothing等词时,用except最佳。
            
            

enfour

        　　Part Ⅳ
        　　 71. 答案C。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题为语法题，考查句子结构。
        　　 【详细解答】 根据句意在逻辑上的连续性来看, 此空应与前面一个something相同,即同位语。此处something后接一个定语从句来修饰。 
        　　72. 答案B。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题为语法题。
        　　 【详细解答】 that引导定语从句,前面不能加介词;引导宾语从句时,that 不作从句成分,而此空中的词作needs的宾语。what在宾语从句中作needs的宾语,表示不具体的“东西”,因此为正确答案。若选which,which应为关系代词引导定语从句,而此句无先行词,故不可选,how在从句中作状语, 不符合语境。 
        　　73. 答案A。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查固定搭配。
        　　 【详细解答】 in one's (own) way“以某人(自己)的方式”是固定搭配。 B. case案件,情况,与文章意思不符。选C. method,无意义。D.口味,胃口,不相符。 
        　　74. 答案C。
        　　 【参考译文】 每个人都有用自己的方式看、听、触、尝及为自己着想的能力。  【试题分析】 此题考查对句意的理解。
        　　 【详细解答】 think of想起,认为; 无think to搭配;think for表示“为…… 着想”,符合原文含义,为正确答案;think about与of所表达的含义相近。 
        　　75. 答案C。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查词义辨析。
        　　 【词义辨析】 空后的capabilities and limitation就是对所填之词的解释,因此potentials“潜力”为最佳选择项。A.可能性;B.能力(只说明一个方面) D.能量。 
        　　76. 答案D。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查考生的语感。
        　　 【详细解答】 此空缺主语,选项中只有C不能作主语。上文的句式皆为each 引出的平行结构,据此,可猜出这儿也填Each。
        　　77. 答案A。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查考生的语感。
        　　 【详细解答】 thinking意为“有思想的”,根据语境,此空应为形容词。 它与其他几个形容词一起并列作定语显然只有A项符合。 
        　　78. 答案B。
        　　 【参考译文】 每个人都有权力作为一个重要的、有思想的、有意识、有创造力、有作为的人——赢家。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查词性词义辨析。
        　　 【详细解答】 此题四个选项中只有B项能够修饰person。因此, 从修饰关系或词语搭配上可以选定正确答案B。 productive adj. 有创造性的。 produce v.生产; product名词,产品; productivity创造性。 
        　　79. 答案B。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查固定搭配。
        　　 【详细解答】 这一题考介动词搭配,refer to“指的是,指,参考”为固定搭配。 其他三个介词均不与refer搭配。 
        　　80. 答案D。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题为语法结构题。
        　　 【详细解答】 此题考查定语从句。 one 后面的分句缺主语;one代替person, 故引导词用who;whose不引导定语从句;which引导定语从句时代替物。 
        　　81. 答案D。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查介词用法。
        　　 【详细解答】 表示“通过……方法(式)”时常用by(或through)+doing结构。 
        　　82. 答案A。
        　　 【参考译文】 我们说某个人是赢家并不是说这个人通过打败另一个人使之失败。  【试题分析】 此题考查对句子结构及句意的理解。  【详细解答】 本题考查动词的ing形式作介宾,并列连词and并列的成分在形式与功能上都应相同。and前为winning,此空也应为ing形式;letting词义不符合语境。 
        　　83. 答案C。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查考生的语感。
        　　 【详细解答】 根据being 和形容词trustworthy 可推测该空一定是形容词。credit v.相信;believing相信( 现在分词) credible adj. 可信的;believed被相信的。 
        　　84. 答案B。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查固定结构。
        　　 【详细解答】 此题考查both…and结构。该空后面由and联接两个as, 选项中只有both与and形成正确搭配。 
        　　85. 答案A。
        　　 【参考译文】 对我们而言，赢家就是无论作为个体或社会这个集体的一员都能真正地灵活地作出可靠的、值得依赖的、真实的反应。  【试题分析】 此题为词义辨析题。
        　　 【词义辨析】 前文提到的是个人,与之对应的应是社会,因此A为正确答案。 B集团;C社区,团体;D政党,党派。 
        　　86. 答案D。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查词的搭配。
        　　 【详细解答】 动词talk, tell, speak 一般都不与idea 搭配。 express the/ones idea表达观点。
        　　87. 答案B。
        　　 【参考译文】 Martin Buber在讲述一个犹太教士的故事时表达了这一观点，那位教士临死前视自己为输家。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查习惯用法。
        　　 【详细解答】 death bed是习惯用语,意为“临终,人死之前睡的床”。 
        　　88. 答案C。
        　　 【参考译文】 这位犹太教士惋惜地说，未来世界的人不会问他为什么不是摩西，而是问他为什么不是他自己。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题为语法题，考查反身代词的用法。
        　　 【详细解答】 反身代词可以作表语。he wasn't后面接himself 反身代词他自己。 
        　　89. 答案A。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考查固定搭配。
        　　 【详细解答】 此空考固定搭配。It is a matter of事实上是……，因此A 为正确答案。case事实,案件
        　　90. 答案D。
        　　 【试题分析】 此题考代词的用法。
        　　 【详细解答】 此空考代词。 从文章上文中可知道此空的词代前文所提到的事情。因此D为正确答案。
        　　Part Ⅴ 
        　　写作指导
        　　 关于成功之路有很多说法，但考生必须紧扣题纲。第一段写每个人都试图在事业上获得成功，这是一个普遍的现象。该如何就这一点进行展开呢 ?考生在此不能长篇大论地举例说明，因为这是引言段，可以由第一句很自然地想到，并不是每个人都会成功，为什么呢?由这个问题可以引出文章的主旨，即成功者都不顾艰难困苦，坚持不懈直到最后成功，而失败者却常常半途而废。这句话也起了引出下文的作用。第二段，首先接着上文所说，自然地引出意志坚强，锲而不舍，勤奋进取是成功的三大要素。作为本段的主题句要论证这一观点，可以用例证法，这里要注意语言简洁，例子要典型。第三段是由考生表明自己对成功之路的观点，实际上是对前文的一个结论。功夫不负有心人，成功属于那些坚持不懈，努力进取的人，最后点题，这就是成功之路。
        　　Sample Writing
        　　The Way to Success
        　　 Everyone tries to achieve success in his career, but someone finally attains his aim while the other fails. Why? The successful one continues his cause to the end through long period of hard work, but the failure one is easily disappointed and stops halfway.
        　　 Strong will, perseverance and diligence are the three essentials of success. A man of strong will and perseverance always has an inflexible spirit. He sticks to his cause no matter how tough it might be. Sun Zhongshan was such a man. Many of his attempts failed, but he held to his purpose with firmness and at last he succeeded. Diligence means steadiness in one's work and study. Marx often worked 15 hours a day. Life is short and we have too much to do. Without diligence no one can achieve anything.
        　　 I believe that where there is a will there is a way and that success belongs to whoever can put up with long years of patient toil and constant effort. This is the way to success.