2014年12月英语四级考试冲刺模拟试卷(1)

英语自学网

　　Section A
        　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.
        　　Electronic cigarettes will face new(36)__________in the US，the US Food and Drug Administration(37)__________yesterday.These will include curbs on sales to minors and distribution of free samples，as well as provisions forcing manufacturers to place health warnings on packaging.
        　　The long-awaited proposals—which also demand that the manufacturers should disclose all the ingredients in details and make claims of(38)__________risk only if scientifically validated--are less stringent(严厉的)than the Europe legislations voted on in February.(39)__________the proposed restrictions doing nothing to control advertising or curbing the sale off lavored products with names such as“Very Berrylicious”，(40)__________of e-cigarettes claim that they are more(41)__________and scientific than the EU rules.
        　　“This is much less onerous than the European Tobacco Products directive，”says Gerry Stimson，a UKconsultant who supports“least harm"’solutions to health problems.“It is clear that the FDA process，(42)__________the EU，follows the science，but this is just a first step and the regulatory process could take years，during which the products and the market will develop.”
        　　The proposals will likely(43)__________further debate for and against e-cigarettes，which call resemble real cigarettes but contain no tobacco，only a vaporized form of pure nicotine that users breathe in and out.
        　　Backers of e-cigarettes say they have great(44)__________to help hardened smokers quit or cut down，because unlike other nicotine replacement products，they closely(45)__________cigarettes，both in appearance and use.
        　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
        　　A.popular
        　　B.restrictions
        　　C.potential
        　　D.importance
        　　E.despite
        　　F.provoke
        　　G.announced
        　　H.like
        　　I.resemble
        　　J.proponents
        　　K.maintain
        　　L.pragmatic
        　　M.claim
        　　N.reduced
        　　O.unlike
        　　根据以上内容，回答1-10题。
        　　1、第36题应填__________.
        　　2、第37题应填__________.
        　　3、第38题应填__________.
        　　4、第39题应填__________.
        　　5、第40题应填__________.
        　　6、第41题应填__________.
        　　7、第42题应填__________.
        　　8、第43题应填__________.
        　　9、第44题应填__________.
        　　10、第45题应填__________.
        　　Part I Writing.(30 minutes)Part II Listening Comprehension.(30 minutes)
        　　Section B
        　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
        　　47、根据以下内容，回答47-56题。
        　　The End of Food
        　　Has a tech entrepreneur come up with a product to replace our meals?
        　　A.In December of 2012，three young men were living in a claustrophobic(患幽闭恐惧症的)apartment in San Francisco’s Tenderloin district，working on a technology startup.They had received a hundred and seventy thousand dollars from the incubator Y Combinator.but their project—a plan to make inexpensive cell-phone towers——had failed.Down to their last seventy thousand dollars.they resolved to keep trying out new software ideas until they ran out of money.But how to make the funds last?Rent was a sunk cost.Since they were working frantically,they already had no social life.As they examined their budget，one big problem remained：food.
        　　B.They had been living mostly on ramen，com dogs，and Costco frozen quesadillas——supplemented by Vitamin C tablets，to stave of rescurvy(坏血病)——but the grocery bills were still adding up.Rob Rhinehart，one of the entrepreneurs，began to resent the fact that he had to eat at all.“Food was such a large burden，”he told me recently.“It was also the time and the hassle.We had a very small kitchen，and no dishwasher.”He tried out his own version of“Super Size Me.”living on McDonald’s dollar meals and five.dollar pizzas from Little Caesars.But after a week.he said,“I felt like l was going to die.”Kale was all the rage——and cheap——so next he tried an all.kale diet.But that did not work，either.“I was starving，”he said.
        　　C.Rhinehart，who is twenty-five，studied electrical engineering at Georgia Tech，and he began to consider food as an engineering problem.“You need amino acids(氨基酸)and lipids，not milk itself,”he said.“You need carbohydrates(碳水化合物)，not bread.”Fruits and vegetables provide essential Vitamins and minerals.but they’re“mostly water.”He began to think that food was an inefficient way：of geRing what he needed to survive.“It just seemed like a system that’s too complex and too expensive and too fragile，”he told me.
        　　D.What if he went straight to the law chemical components?He took a break from experimenting with software and studied textbooks on nutrifional biochemistry and the Web sites of the F.D.A.,the U.S.D.A.，and the Institute of Medicine.Eventually,Rhinehan compiled a list of thirty-five nutrients required for survival.Then，instead of heading to the grocery store，he ordered them ofr the Intemet--mostlyin powder or pill form——and poured everything into a blender'with some water.The result.a slurry of chemicals，looked like gooey lemonade.Then，he told me，“I started living on it.”
        　　E.Rhinehart called his potion Soylent，which，for most people，evokes the 1973 science-fiction film“Soylent Green.”starring Charlton Heston.The movie is set in a dystopian future where，because ofoverpopulation and pollution，people live on mysterious wafers called Soylent Green.The film ends with the ghastly revelation that Soylent Green is made from human flesh.
        　　F.Rhinehart’s roommates were skeptical.One told me，“It seemed pretty weird.”They kept shopping at Costco.After a month，Rhinehart published the results of his experiment in a blog post，titled“How I Stopped Eating Food.”The post has a“Eureka!”tone.The chemical potion，Rhinehart reported，was“delicious!I felt like l’d just had the best breakfast of my life.”Drinking Soylent was saving him time and money：his food costs had dropped from four hundred and seventy dollars a month to fifty.And physically,he wrote，“I feel like the six million dollar mail.My physique has noticeably improved，my skin is clearer,my teeth whiter,my hair thicker and my dandruff gone.”He concluded.“I haven’t eaten a bite of food in thirty days，and it's changed my lifc.”In a fcw weeks，his blog post was at the top of Hacker News——a water cooler for the tech industry.Reactions were polarized.“RIP Rob，”a comment on Rhinehart’s blog read.But other people asked for his formula，which，in the spirit of the“open source”movement，he posted online.
        　　G.One of Silicon Valley’s cultural exports in the past ten years has been the concept of“life hacking”：devising tricks to streamline the obligations of daily life.thereby freeing yourself up for whatever you’d rather be doing.Rhinehart’s“future food”seemed a clever work.around.Lifehackers everywherebegan to test it out，and then to make their own versions.Soon commenters on Reddit were sparring about the appropriate dose of calcium-magnesium powder.Atier three months，Rhinehart said，he realized that his mixture had the makings of a company：“It provided more value to my life than any app.”He and his roommates put aside their software ideas.and got into the synthetic.food business.
        　　H. To attract funding，Rhinehart and his roommates turned to the Internet：they set up a crowd-funding campaign in which people could receive a week’s supply of manufactured Soylent for sixty-five dollars.They started with a fund.raising goal of a hundred thousand dollars，which they hoped to raise in a month.But when they opened up to donations，Rhineha It says，“we got that in two hours.”Last week，the first thirty thousand units of commercially made Soylent were shipped out to customers across America.In addition to the crowd.funding money,its production was financed by Silicon Valley venture capitalists，including Y Combinator and the blue.chip investment firm Andreessen Horowitz， which contributed a million dollars.
        　　I. Soylent has been heralded by the press as“the end of food，”which is a somewhat bleak prospect.It conjares up visions of a world devoid of pizza parlors and taco stands——our kitchens stocked with beige powder instead of banana bread，our spaghetti nights and ice-cream socials replaced by evenings sipping sludge.
        　　J.But，Rhinehart says，that’s not exactly his vision.“Most of people’s meals are forgotten，”he told me.He imagines that，in the future，“we’ll see a separation between our meals for utility and function，and our meals for experience and socialization.”Soylent isn’t coming for our Sunday potlucks.It’s coming for our frozen quesadillas.
        　　注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
        　　What will be the consequence of his direct study of raw chemical components?
        　　48、 What we really need for survival is the nutritional elements of food instead of the food itself.
        　　49、 The concept of life hacking is to encourage people to live reasonably and to be yourself.
        　　50、 Soylent is not prepared for our Sunday potlucks，but an alternative options for junk food.
        　　51、 Rent is definitely a cost you paid without the possibility of regain.
        　　52、 I feel that I have become a man who could not be beRer than before in physical condition.
        　　53、 Soylent has predicted the bleak future of food，the end of food.
        　　54、 Food is trouble.making and time.consuming.
        　　55、 Last week，the first batch of commercial Soylent was delivered to other parts of the world.
        　　56、 The film is on the background of a visionally terrible future，in which people live by Soylent owing to the overpopulation and pollution.
            
            

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        　　Section C
        　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
        　　Questions57-66are based on the following passage.
        　　Until recently,I had liale idea what palm oil(棕榈油)is and why some people consider it one of the most controversial ingredients found in nearly half of our supermarket products.But when I found out why people were upset，1 was moved to take action.
        　　The Southeast Asian country of Indonesia is the world’s biggest exporter of palm oil，which has been both a blessing and a curse.It's a massive industry,providing income for thousands of workers，but palm oilis also the largest driver of the mass destruction of Indonesia’s rain forests.The consequences of this destruction are significant：the loss of biodiversity,conflicts with communities who depend on the forest for their own livelihoods，and increasing emissions of green house gases that cause climate change.
        　　Forests are home to countless species.There are as few as 400 Sumatran tigers left in Indonesia,and their time on earth is running out.Greenpeace has released research showing that the expansion of oil palm and pulpwood plantations was responsible for nearly two-thirds of the destruction of Sumatran tiger habitat from 2009 to 20 11.Sumatran tigers，forced to flee from the destruction of their homes,also find themselves in direct contact with humans.Many are killed or maimed as local residents try to protect themselves from the scared animals.The decline of Sumatlan tigers is a measure of the loss of rain forest，biodiversity and also climate stability.If the tigers disappear,then we are facing all environmental tragedy.
        　　If you eat chocolate，wash your hair or your clothes，there’s a good chance you are being made a part of this cycle of destruction.And not by choice.Palm oil can and must make a genuine contribution to Indonesia and its people.And part of the solution rests with global brands that make the products we consume daily.Palm oil that results from forest destruction is traded around the world.But together we can say enough is enough.It’s time big brands guarantee you and me that forest destruction is not a part of their products.
        　　We are all a part of the future，and together we can ensure these magnificent animals are.too.
        　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
        　　Why is the great export of palm oil both a blessing and a curse?
        　　A.Because every coin has two sides，without the exception of export of palm oil.
        　　B.Because it is both a stimulation of economy increase and climate warming.
        　　C.Because it both makes contribution to climate improvement and economy decline.
        　　D.Because it is both the driver of large income and huge destruction of forests.
        　　58、 Which one is not included in the negative consequences of rain forests destruction?
        　　A.The dramatic decrease of biological diversity in rain forests.
        　　B.Huge profits benefit from the great exportation of palm oil.
        　　C.Frequent clashes with people who live on those rain forests.
        　　D.Increasing release of a great deal of greenhouse gases.
        　　59、 What is responsible for the destruction of Sumatlan tiger habitat?
        　　A.People who killed or maimed those scared animals.
        　　B.People who cut down the rain forests in abundance.
        　　C.The extension of oil palm and pulpwood cultivation.
        　　D.The loss of lain forests owing to palm plantations.
        　　60、 What advice does the author give to the productive process of global brands?
        　　A.Global brands should not be at cost of forest destruction.
        　　B.They should guarantee the protection of lain forests.
        　　C.They should pay attention to law materials of products.
        　　D.They should not demand anything from rain forests.
        　　61、 What is the attitude of author to plentiful palm oil production?
        　　A.Critical.
        　　B.Positive.
        　　C.Partial.
        　　D.Negative.
        　　Questions62-71are based on the following passage
        　　Room for all，for now.
        　　But there are signs that the sharing site(住房分享网站)is starting to threaten budget hotels.Even as they lobby regulators to crack down on residential sharing services，hoteliers play down the threat such companies pose to their industry.The top brass at the Four Seasons and Hilton chains have all said that these firms do not compete for their core market;a vice-president of The Ritz-Carlton group recently claimed she had not even heard of Airbnb.And Airbnb itself agrees，arguing that it does not displace existing lodging but is creating new demand.“I’m optimistic that there isn’t going to be a war”with hotels.Brian Chesky,its boss，said in January.
        　　A recent study seems to confirm that，for now at least，Airbnb is only nibbling at influence from Airbnb on business and luxury hotels.But in places where it has established a presence，it cut the revenues of budget hotels by 5%in the two years to December 2013.
        　　If Airbnb were to keep growing at its current rate，the Texas study suggests that by 20 1 6 the dent in budget hotels’takings will be 10%.Wim their high fixed costs，that could push many ofthem into the red.of course.Airbnb may hit me limits of either supply or demand before then，but smaller hotels are already blaming it for their woes.“I see a direct correlation between our revenues going down and Airbnb’s going up，”says Vijay Dandapani，the president of Apple Core Hotels in New York.“We had continued growth until Airbnb.”The financing round that Airbnb has iust closed，valuing it at more than all but the four largest global hotel groups，suggests that investors agree.
        　　Concur,a travel-and expense-management firm.has seen its corporate clients’Airbnb bookings grow from a rounding error at the start of 2012 to more than lmillion so far this year.If Airbnb can integrate with online travel agencies such as Expedia and increase the share of its hosts that provide instant booking coniirmation.business hotels may find themselves with a surprisingly unignorable competitor.
        　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
        　　62、What is the reaction of other competitors to the appearance of Airbnb?
        　　A.They highlight the threat it poses to their industries.
        　　B.They never pay attention to this unworthy competitor.
        　　C.They did not obviously worry about the appearance of Airbnb.
        　　D.TheY are optimistic about their close cooperation in future.
        　　63、 What does the Texas study show about the future ofAirbnb in Para.47
        　　A.Airbnb will never swallow the whole of hotel industry’s lunch.
        　　B.Airbnb may threaten the status of luxury and business hotels.
        　　C.Airbnb had cut a great deal of the revenues of budget hotels.
        　　D.Airbnb probably has a bright future among its competitors.
        　　64、 What can we infer from the statements ofPara.57
        　　A.Airbnb will become a powerful competitor in the future market.
        　　B.Airbnb should be responsible for the woe of smA.ler hotels.
        　　C.Airbnb’s going up correlates with others’going down.
        　　D.Airbnb would capture 10%takings ofbudget hotels by 2016.
        　　65、 What can Airbnb do to be a surprisingly unignorable competitor?
        　　A.Willingly collaborating with the four largest global hotel groups.
        　　B.Cooperating with online travel agencies and increasing the share of its hosts.
        　　C.Beating against all the potential rivals to gain its market shares.
        　　D.Expanding its online bookings by the help of online travel agencies.
        　　66、 What’s the meaning of“Room for all.for now.”?
        　　A.Everyone will have a private room as soon as possible.
        　　B.The online travel agencies will offer us a room quickly.
        　　C.It is quite convenient for people to book rooms on sharing site.
        　　D.The information on sharing site is useful for us to book rooms.
        　　Part III Reading Comprehension.(40 minutes)
        　　Part IV Translation.(30minutes)
        　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
        　　67、赛龙舟(Dragon Boat Race)是端午节的主要习俗，这一传统最早出现于战国时代(Warring
        　　States Period.。相传古时楚国人因为不合得贤臣屈原投江而死，许多人划船追赶去救他，但依然不见其踪迹。此后每年农历五月五日，人们都赛龙舟来纪念他。人们觉得划龙舟可以驱散江中的鱼儿，以避免它们吃掉屈原的尸体。现在，赛龙舟除了纪念屈原，还成为了一种比赛项目。1980年，赛龙舟被列入中国国家体育比赛项目。