2013年12月英语六级基础语法解析之限定性定语从句

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2013年12月英语六级基础语法解析之限定性定语从句
　　(1) 非限定性定语从句：先行词（即名词）后有一个逗号；
　　eg: In our school，there were 8 foreign teachers who come from Australia.（限定性定语从句）
　　In our school，there were 8 foreign teachers， who come from Australia.（非限定性定语从句）
　　限定性定语从句：定语从句和关系词关系非常紧密，删掉定语从句后，整个句子意思会改变；
　　非限定性定语从句：定语从句和关系词关系不是很紧密，删掉定语从句后，整个句子意思不会改变，定语从句只起到补充说明的意义；
　　eg：This is the house which we bought last month.
　　（2）非限定性定语从句：
　　①先行词是前面的整句话；
　　eg: He won the first place in the competition, which is out of our expectation.
　　We will spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, which was decided last year.
　　This is the house, which we bought last month.
　　② 非限定性定语从句：which引导非限制性定语从句只能放在后面，as则只能放在句子前面；
　　eg: Smoking is harmful to our heath, which we know.
　　Smoking is harmful to our heath, as we know.
　　As we know, smoking is harmful to our heath.
　　eg：Alice received an invitation from her boss（      ） came as a surprise .
　　A. It      B. that    C. as     D. which
　　(3)that和which的区别：
　　①什么时候不能用that，只能用which：非限定性定语从句中，即逗号之后；
　　eg：The tree, that is 400 years old, which is very famous here.
　　②什么时候不能用that，只能用which：非限定性定语从句中，即逗号之后；介词后面不能用that，只能用which；
　　eg：The tree, that is 400 years old, which is very famous here.
　　We depend on the land, from which we can get our food.
　　in that：因为；
　　（4）什么时候不能用which，只能用that：
　　① 前面的先行词是不定代词，包括all，anything，nothing，the one， much，little等；
　　eg：Have you taken down everything that Mr. Lee has said?
　　② 如果先行词中出现了the only, the very等；
　　eg：This is the only way that we can think out.
　　③ 如果先行词中出现了序数词和形容词最高级；
　　eg：This is the best film that I have ever seen.
　　④ 如果先行词中即有人，又有物；
　　eg：They are talking about the school and the teachers that they visited yesterday.
　　例：Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems
　　(他们至今还没找到答案）.
　　They haven’t found solutions/answers to these problems.
　　There are many problems which they haven’t found solutions/answers to.
　　例：（与我成长的地方相比），this town is more prosperous and exciting.
　　Compared with the place in which/where I grew up,
　　例：（听到他告诉我的消息），I could’t help laughing．
　　Hearing the news which/that he told me,
　　例：Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay safe while using the Internet to search out jobs is to conceal their identities.
　　当先行词中是the way的时候，后面的连接词可以用that，可以用which和in which，甚至可以不填；
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