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发表于 2016-7-11 20:28:06
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二、听力
26、听材料，回答下列各题：
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Teenagers will be told to "stand up for their elders" on public transport-or risk losing their right to free travel.
London Mayor Boris Johnson will 26 plans today to make youngsters sign a " 27 pledge" to promise to behave in a 28 manner when travelling in the capital.
The three-point pledge states that they will give up their seats to the elderly, 29 and disabled; refrain from using 30 or threatening language; and be courteous and polite to fellow passengers and staff.
Those who refuse, or are caught behaving in a rude manner, will have their free travel passes 31
The plan--a key part of Mr. Johnson's re-election bid--will initially affect the 400,000 11-to-15-year-olds in London who qualify for free travel cards, but Conservative sources believe the idea could be used across the country.
A Conservative insider said, "The initiative 32 the push to create a Big Society. It is about changing culture and 33 around behavior to improve the atmosphere on buses and trains for everyone. "
Speaking before today's launch, Mr. Johnson said he 34 tackle the anti-social behavior of a "minority of youngsters" on public transport.
"when I was a boy, I was taught to stand up for those less able to," he said. "Youngsters enjoy the privilege of free travel, which is paid for by Londoners, but they have to understand that with that privilege comes responsibility. "
Anyone who abuses this privilege will have it taken away, and will have to earn that right back.
Teenagers who are found 35 violating the new behavior code will lose their travel passes. They will have to carry out unpaid community work to have them restored.
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36、回答36-46题：
Women with low literacy suffer disproportionately more than men, encountering more 36 in finding a well-paying job and being twice as likely to end up in the group of lowest wage earners, a study released on Wednesday said.
Analysis by the Institute for Women's Policy Research (IWPR． found women at all levels of 37 tend to earn less than men, but it's at the lowest literacy levels that the wage gap between genders is most striking.
Women with low literacy are twice as 38 as men at the same skill level to be among the lowest earners, bringing in $300 a week or less, the report said.
"Because women start off so low in terms of wages, having higher literacy and more skills really 39 a big difference," said Kevin Miller, a 40 research associate at IWPR and co-author of the study.
Women need to go 41 in their training and education level to earn the same as men, Miller said.
The 42 was based on 2009 National Assessment of Adult Literacy surveys, the most recent data 43 , and focused on reading skills, not writing and numeric literacy. That data was 44 from a nationally representative sample of 19,714 people aged 16 and older, living in households or prisons.
Data showed about one-third of American adults have low literacy levels, and more than 36 percent of men and 33 percent of women fall into that 45 , the institute said.
A． pattern I． conducted
B． senior J． independent
C． longer K． literacy
D． difficulties L． analysis
E． category M． likely
F． collected N． further
G． positions O． makes
H． available
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Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
46、回答46-56题：
A) The legislation concerning financial reform focuses on helping regulators detect and defuse (减少....的危险性) the next crisis. But it doesn't address many of the underlying conditions that can cause problems.
B) The legislation gives regulators the power to oversee shadow banks and take failing firms apart, convenes a council of superregulators to watch the megafirms that pose a risk to the full financialsystem, and much else.
C) But the bill does more to help regulators detect the next financial crisis than to actually stop it from happening.In that way, it's like the difference between improving public health and improving medicine: The bill focuses on helping the doctors who figure out when you're sick and how to get you better rather than on the conditions (sewer systems and air quality and hygiene standards and so on) that contribute to whether you get sick in the first place.
D) That is to say, many of the weaknesses and imbalances that led to the financial crisis will survive our regulatory response, and it's important to keep that in mind. So here are five we still have to watch out for:
1. The Global Glut (供过于求) of Savings
E) "One of the leading indicators of a financial crisis is when you have a sustained surge in money flowing into the country which makes borrowing cheaper and easier," says Harvard economist Kenneth Rogoff. Our crisis was no different: Between 1987 and 1999, our current account deficit--the measure of how much money is coming in versus going out--fluctuated between 1 and 2 percent of gross domestic product. By 2006, it had hit 6 percent.
F) The sharp rise was driven by emerging economies with lots of growth and few investment opportunities-think China-funneling their money to developed economies with less growth and lots of investment opportunities. But we've gotten out of the crisis without fixing it. China is still growing fast, exporting faster, and sending the money over to US.
2. Household Debt-and Why We Need It
G) The fact that money is available to borrow doesn't explain why Americans borrowed so much of it. Household debt as a percentage of GDP went from a bit less than 60 percent at the beginning of the 1990s to a bit less than 100 percent in 2006. "This is where I come to income inequality," says Raghuram Rajan, an economist at the University of Chicago. "A large part of the population saw relatively stagnant incomes over the 1980s and 1990s. Credit was so welcome because it kept people who were falling behind reasonably happy. You were keeping up, even if your income wasn't."
H) Incomes, of course, are even more stagnant now that unemployment is at 9 percent. And that pain isn't being shared equally: inequality has actually risen since before the recession, as joblessness is proving sticky among the poor, but recovery has been swift for the rich. Household borrowing is still more than 90 percent of GDP, and the conditions that drove it up there are, if anything, worse.
3. The "Shadow Banking" Market
I) The financial crisis started out similarly severe, but it wasn't, at first, a crisis of consumers. It was a crisis of banks. It never became a crisis of consumers because consumer deposits are insured. But large investors-pension funds, banks, corporations, and others--aren't insured. But when they hear that their collateral ( 附属担保品 ) is dropping in value, they demand their money back. And when everyone does that at once, it's like an old-fashioned bank run: The banks can't pay everyone off at once, so they unload all their assets to get capital, the assets become worthless because everyone is trying to unload them, and the banks collapse.
J) "This is an inherent problem of privately created money," says Gary Gorton, an economist at Princeton University. "It is vulnerable to these kinds of runs." This year, we're bringing this shadow banking system under the control of regulators and giving them all sorts of information on it and power over it, but we're not doing anything like deposit insurance, where we simply make the deposits safe so runs become an anachronism.
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