|
|
发表于 2016-7-11 19:09:32
|
显示全部楼层
知识点引申：主题句的语言形式。
讲到这里，同学应该已经知道找文章或段落主题句的重要性了。但重要的是，文章信息浩如烟海，到底什么样的句子会是主题？下面给同学总结主题句的十个标志
1. 举例子的句子不是主题句，注意前后句
2. 问句不是主题句，注意问后句
3. 承上启下的后半句是主题句
4. 首段转折提示文章主题
5. 包含主题词的句子重点阅读
6. 包含主次之分的表达（not A, but B. A rather than B等）
7. 时间提示主题（recently, today等）
8. 定义型的句子（be called as, be known as, is, are等）
9. 强调型的句子（stress, focus, only等）
10. 总结型的句子（research indicates, study suggests等）
练习一：
Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to “light” beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.
In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts: for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry (小甜饼). Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. “Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight,” says York Onnen, program director of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.
Still, exercise’s supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.
If you have been sedentary (极少活动的) and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year’s time, assuming no increase in food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.
30. What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?
A) To justify the study of the Boston University Medical Center.
B) To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight.
C) To support the statement made by York Onnen.
D) To show the most effective way to lose weight.
简单解析：D。主题词文章各段段首exercise。主题句全文第一句，对文章主题词的下定义的句子。第三段首句也可帮助做题Still, exercise’s supporting role in weight reduction is vital.
练习二：
“Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise.” Said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While here’s on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you.
In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they could not get the job done.
Stress that you can manage also boost immune (免疫的) function. In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects through a gory (血淋淋的) video on surgical procedures. Those who did well on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that’s the body’s first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody.
Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function. “They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage,” says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain.
“Sustained stress is not good for you,” says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity, “It’s the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective.”
31. The passage is mainly about ________.
A) the benefits of manageable stress
B) how to cope with stress effectively
C) how to avoid stressful events
D) the effect of stress harmonies on memory
（D）
简单解析：A. 主题词stress，但是四个选项都有stress，对解题无用。主题句several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you.直接对应A选项。即使主题句读不懂，第三段首句也能帮助做题。Stress that you can manage also boost immune (免疫的) function. |
|
