分页标题#e#
①介词与动词的搭配。如:accuse sb.of,charge sb. with,prevent sb. from,prohibit sb.from, differ from,contribute to等。
②介词与名词的搭配。如: count on,influence on,improve on,belief in,confidence in, advantage over,preference over,attitude to,solution to等。
③介词与形容词的搭配。如:different from,indifferent to,dependent on,independent of,guilty of,innocent of,persistent in,proficient in等。
④由介词引起的短语。如:in contrast,in turn,in the long run,by means of,in terms of,on good/bad terms with,on the contrary,by chance,by turns等。
2、成语
短文改错的命题标的也常对准各类成语,尤其是成语中的介词、冠词和名词的单复数形式等。这类错误的出现频率也较高。
①介词错误。如:take pride for(→in),abide to(→by),persist on(→in),have no ear to(→for)等。
②冠词错误。如:in the contrast(in contrast),all of sudden(all of a sudden),keep a pace with(keep pace with)等。
③名词单复数。如:take turn(take turns),make friend with(make friends with), keep/ break one's words(keep/break one's word)等。
三)、动词方面的错误
1、分词
主要是现在分词和过去分词的误用。如:a puzzled question→a puzzling question,an exciting girl→an excited girl
2、系动词
①be以外的其他系动词被误用作行为动词,后面应该接形容词作表语,但接了副词。如:The meal smells badly.→The meal smells bad.
②系动词be在某些形容词前常受汉语影响而被遗漏。这些形容词有afraid,alive,aware,conscious,guilty,worth等。
3.动词的及物与不及物
改错中常有不及物动词被误用作及物动词(缺介词),或及物动词被误用作不及物动词(多介词)。前者如:complain the bad service there(应加of)。后者如:consider of his suggestion(应删of)
4.短语动词
主要是带介词或副词的短语动词,常设计成介词或副词小品词的错误。由于这类错误主要是搭配问题,我们将它归入第二类用法搭配方面的错误一并讨论。
5、句型。这类错误主要涉及:
①动词句型
主要是带复杂宾语的动词的固定搭配模式。如:find it neccessary to do th,spend sometime(in)doing sth,make sb.do sth.,leave sth.to sb.,be seen to do/doing sth.等。
②传统句型
即传统语法概念上与动词有关的句子模式。主要有以下几类:
a)省略句型。如
While watch TV,they heard someone upstairs shout“Fire! Fire!”(watch→watching)
b)动词非谓语形式作主语、宾语。有时需用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如:This is no good arguing with him.(This→It)
We think that necessary to have the bridge built first.(that→it)
分页标题#e#
②不该用冠词时赘用;
③the与a/an误用;
④a与an混用。如:tell truth→tell the truth,give a rise to→give rise to
5、主谓一致
这类错误常被设计在句型较为复杂的结构中,要特别小心。常见以下几种情况:
①主语较长或谓语动词离主语较远:
The child,being taken care of by its grandparents,are deaf and mute.(are→is)
②倒装句:
Standing in a line along the corridor is3 groups of young pioneers who will set out on an expedition.(is→are)
③定语从句:
The book many students found interesting that were written by a famous American scientist came out only last month.(were→was)
④特殊句型:
There are no denying the facts and there are no facts that can be turned a blind eye to either.(第一个are→is)
6、形容词、副词及其比较级
形容词和副词的错误设计主要为:①两者的词性混淆;②比较级错误。前者已在前面词性部分论及,后者主要涉及比较物与被比较物之间的平行问题。