2012年3月高级口译真题及答案最新汇总

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　　2012年3月上海中高级口译考试于3月18日开考，为考生第一时间提供真题、解析、答案，敬请关注。本文内容为2012年3月高级口译考试真题及答案汇总。
        　　Psychologists have many theories to explain how we remember information. The most influential theory is that memory works as a kind of storage system for information. There are three types of these storage systems with different functions that hold information for different amounts of time. They are sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory. Sensory memory holds information for the shortest amount of time, less than for seconds and instant. Sensory memory is where stimuli or things that stimulate our senses are very briefly stored. We forget sensory memories almost instantly, unless they passed into another storage system. Examples of the stimuli are what we see and hear in the world, such as a flash of lightning or the sound of a door closing. Short-term memory also called working memory, holds information for about 15 to 20 seconds. This is not a very long time. But the information that passes into this system has more meaning for us than just sensory stimulation. Some experts believe that sensory information changes into visual images as it is stored. And others believe that information changes into words. There is not much room for information in short-term memory. And it did not stay there for very long. Examples of this types of information are telephone numbers, addresses and names. Long-term memory holds information almost indefinitely, although retrieving it can sometimes be difficult. Think of long-term memory as a very big library, with almost unlimited capacities for storage. Information gets filed, cataloged and stored. Long-term memory has several different components or categories. The main two categories are declarative memory and procedure memory. Declarative memory is where we store factual information, such as names, faces, dates, life events. Procedure memory is where we store memory of skills and habits , like how to ride a bike, or how to boil an egg. Within the declarative memory, there are smaller categories of memory, episodic memory and semantic memory. Episodic memory relates to our personal lives. Things we have done or experienced, such as having a car accident or graduating from school. Semantic memory is where we organize general knowledge or facts about the world, such as math formulas, spelling rules and capital cities.
        　　点评：这是一篇关于人类记忆分类的文章。文章采用了总分的形式，层次鲜明，结构清晰。文章开头两句为总括句，表明心理学家有许多种理论来解释人类如何记忆，其中最有影响力的一种理论是人类记忆的工作方式如同信息储存系统。人类的记忆被分为三种：瞬时记忆、短期记忆和长期记忆。接下来分别针对三种记忆的具体情况：从信息储存的内容、功能和时间的长短三个角度进行了介绍。需要注意的是，最后几句是分论点，阐明长期记忆分为情景记忆(eopisodic memory)和语义记忆(sematic memory)两类。 相信考生平时对科普知识稍有积累，再加上对结构的把握，本篇文章能够轻松应对。
       
            
            

enone

分页标题#e#
        　　2012年3月上海中高级口译考试于3月18日开考，口译笔译站点为考生第一时间提供真题、解析、答案，敬请关注。本文内容为2012年3月高级口译考试真题及答案汇总。
        　　M: There is a small number of exceptional people who play a huge role in the transmissions of epidemic ideas. I call them Mavens, Connectors and Salesmen. W: Say it again?
        　　M: Mavens, Connectors and Salesman. Connectors are the kind of people who know everybody. They have extraordinary social ties. Well, if I do this names test in the Manhattan phonebook, and you go down the list. Every time you see a name you know, you give yourself a point. Well, most people score like 25, 30. Someone scores like 120 or 130. That kind of person is incredibly in generating word-of-mouth epidemics. If they like something and get hold of some idea, they can spread 5 or 6 times further than the average person.
        　　W: Who are those people, what defines them?
        　　M: Well, these are extraordinarily social people with a lot of energy who are consumed by the task of getting to know people, of meeting people, of keeping in touch with them. They make phone calls all day long.
        　　W: I am afraid I am one of them.
        　　M: This is not typical behavior. This is a behavior that is actually rare. Most of us don’t do that. And I am someone who is not that way. I can’t start a word-of-mouth epidemic because I simply don’t know enough people. I can’t get it outside my own immediate circle of friends. Someone has friends all over the place. They can spread the news about a new restaurant, or a new movie, or something far and wide in a very, very short time.
        　　W: These are the Connectors. Who are the Mavens and who are the Salesmen?
        　　M: The Mavens are people who have specialized knowledge. If you examine why you make certain decisions, why do you shop somewhere, why do you go to a certain restaurant, you’ll find that you are relying on the same person over and over again for recommendations. Those people I call Mavens. My friend Ereal is a Maven, who knows all about the restaurants in lower Manhattan. If I want to know about the hot new restaurant, I call Ereal. Well, all of Ereal’s friends call Ereal, and if you go to restaurants in lower Manhattan and look around the room, you will see friends of Ereal. The restaurant market is an epidemic market, which is controlled by a group of Ereals. I don’t think there are very many of them. There are probably two dozen of them. That’s true of lots of things. That’s true of shopping, and books and movies. If a Maven gets together with a Connector, then you begin see why a word-of-mouth epidemic might happen. Someone who knows everyone in combination with someone who knows everything is a really powerful connection.
        　　W: And then introduce the Salesmen.
        　　M: Well, those people are incredibly persuasive. And again, that’s a very rare and unusual trait.
        　　W: Leaves me out, you see. I can connect, but I can’t sell.
        　　M: Well, they are separate categories. I’ve met with a guy who is known as one of the greatest salesman in America today. When you meet with someone like that, you begin to realize why trans happen. They happen because someone who has this extraordinary natural ability to win you over. When they get hold of an idea, they can really make it go a long way.
        　　Questions:
        　　1. What’s the main topic of this conversation?
        　　2. Which of the following descriptions does not apply to Connectors?
        　　3. Which of the following statements best defines the Mavens?
        　　4. According to the conversation, which of the following groups does the man’s friend Ereal belong to?
        　　5. What can we tell about all three groups of people?
        　　【解析】本段以对话形式介绍了三种人Maven，Connector，Salesman的含义，及各自对transmissions of epidemic ideas的作用，并给出明确的例证。答题关键在于理解三种人分别有何特征，而问题也基本围绕其定义展开。考生可能会对文中出现的word-of-mouth epidemic等说法不熟悉，但可以根据上下文推断其含义。总体难度适中。
       
            
            

enone

分页标题#e#
        　　2012年3月上海中高级口译考试于3月18日开考，口译笔译站点为考生第一时间提供真题、解析、答案，敬请关注。本文内容为2012年3月高级口译考试真题及答案汇总。
        　　Question 6 to 10 are based on the following news.
        　　New York, USA
        　　Thousands of "Occupy Wall Street" demonstrators fanned out across New York on Thursday in the first major showing of protest strength since authorities forcibly evicted them from their Lower Manhattan encampment two days earlier.
        　　The group twice squared off against riot police in Zuccotti Park, while engaging in sporadic confrontations with authorities throughout the day.
        　　Demonstrators say they plan to cross the Brooklyn Bridge, where 700 people were arrested in a similar march early last month.
        　　At least 177 protesters were arrested during Thursday’s demonstrations, said Police Commissioner Ray Kelly, who noted that seven police officers were also hurt during exchanges with protesters.
        　　Rome Italy
        　　New Italian PM Mario Monti’s government of technocrats has passed its first test, winning a vote of confidence in the senate.
        　　As expected, the government won the vote in the upper house of parliament easily, by 281 votes to 25.
        　　The vote was held after Mr. Monti had outlined his government’s program of reforms to tackle all the country’s economic problems and cut its debt.
        　　He faces a second vote in the lower house of parliament on Friday.
        　　Mario Monti, a former EU commissioner, said austerity measures would be balanced by economic growth and social fairness.
        　　Meanwhile, thousands of students staged protests in several Italian cities against Mr. Monti’s government.
        　　Tokyo Japan
        　　Unlike an earthquake, a demographic disaster does not strike without warning. Japan’s population of 127millon is predicted to fall to 90million by 2050. By then, the ratio between working-age Japanese and children and the elderly will be one to one. What’s more, half the talent in Japan is female. Outside the kitchen, those talents are woefully underemployed, nearly half of Japanese university graduates are female but only 67% of these women have jobs,
        　　Japanese women with degrees are much more likely than Americans to quit their jobs voluntarily, saying that the strongest push came from employers who do not value them. A startling 49% of highly educated Japanese women quit, because they feel their careers have stalled.
        　　Cambridge Massachusetts USA
        　　Scientists are getting closer to the dream of creating computer systems that can replicate the brain.
        　　Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have designed a computer chip that mimics how the brain’s neurons adapt in response to new information. Such chips could eventually enable communication between artificially created body parts and the brain.
        　　It could also pave the way for artificial intelligence devices.
        　　There are about 100 billion neurons in the brain, each of which forms synapses - the connections between neurons that allow information to flow - with many other neurons.
        　　This process is known as plasticity and is believed to underpin many brain functions, such as learning and memory.
        　　The MIT team of scientists has been able to design a computer chip that can simulate the activity of a single brain synapse.
        　　Manchester UK
        　　Leading figures in the world of soccer, on Thursday blasted FIFA President Sepp Blatter for controversial remarks he made on racism in an interview with CNN World Sport.
        　　The head of world football told Pedro Pinto there is no on-field racism in football and that any player who has been abused should simply shake hands with his opponent at the end of the match and move on.
        　　Manchester United’s Rio Ferdinand, a former England captain, expressed his outrage on Twitter, blasting Blatter’s comments as "so condescending it’s almost laughable."
        　　The Swiss was re-elected unopposed as the head of football’s governing body in June after his main rival was suspended amid corruption allegations. The bidding process for the 2018 World Cup was also dogged by bribery allegations.
        　　Soon after Blatter gave his interview to CNN on Wednesday, his position appeared to be undermined when the English Football Association charged Liverpool’s Luis Suarez with racism toward a fellow player.
        　　Questions：
        　　6. At least how many "Occupy Wall Street" protesters were arrested during Thursday’s demonstration in New York?
        　　7. What can we know about New Italian PM Mario Monti’s government of technocrats?
        　　8. What percentage of Japanese female university graduates have jobs?
        　　9. What new finding has been made by scientists said MIT, USA?
        　　10. Why did leading figures in the world of soccer call on FIFA president Blatter to resign?
       
            
            

enfour

分页标题#e#
        　　2012年3月上海中高级口译考试于3月18日开考，口译笔译站点为考生第一时间提供真题、解析、答案，敬请关注。本文内容为2012年3月高级口译考试真题及答案汇总。
        　　Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.
        　　W: Some of us try to eat away the blues, nutritionist Joy Bauer is here with some strategies to help get us healthy. Joy, good to see you again.
        　　M: Good to see you Jolin.
        　　W: So, you know, there’s emotional eating. It really is a problem, isn’t?
        　　M: Oh, the emotional eating is when you eat in response to feelings rather than hunger. Stress, anxiety, nervousness, and maybe you’ve had a fight with the spouse, or coworker and you head straight to the fridge. The truth is we all do it occasionally.
        　　W: To a certain extent.
        　　M: And that’s not necessarily problematic, but if you struggle with your weight, and you are regularly using food as a coping mechanism, it’s like rubbing salts in a wound.
        　　W: Right, because you will feel bad, or even worse, after you did it.
        　　M: You feel worse, and you probably worse off emotionally than you were, that cause you to eat in the first place.
        　　W: A vicious cycle.
        　　M: Absolutely. There are some questions we should ask ourselves. That really can help you determine whether you are an emotional eater. First, do you reach for high-calorie food when you feel sorry for yourself? Are high-calorie foods your reward after a difficult day? Do you feel stressed and then put food in your mouth without realizing it.
        　　W: Some of us might answer yes to these questions.
        　　M: Absolutely, if you answer yes to the majority of these questions, you are an emotional eater. And you should put a huge effort into stopping this behavior , because it is destructive to the psyche.
        　　W: Do man and woman go for different kinds of foods when they are looking for comfort?
        　　M: It’s a great question, the number one food according to research in terms of comfort food for man and woman alike is ice cream.
        　　W: Yes!
        　　M: But it’s a vice. Women head straight for the sweets, cookies, chocolates, candies, and men go for the man food, real food, martial food.
        　　W:Yes.
        　　M:Steak and mass potatoes, big pasta and pizza.
        　　W: One of the things you can do to try to help stop this is measure your hunger on a hunger scale. What’s that?
        　　M: That’s right. Awareness is huge, you wanna know if you are actually hungry or not, one being ravenous, and five being comfortably full. So before you reach for something, figure out if you are four or five. Avoid eating.
        　　W: You say, if you feel like you have to eat something, eat healthy food first.
        　　M: This is a great strategy. I call this three food interference. And it has helped thousands of people. Before you get into anything unhealthy, first eat three healthy items. There’ve always got to be in your fridge a bowl of carrots, one apple and container of yoghourt. After those 3 foods, if you still want to continue on, give yourself permission. But nine times out of ten, you are gonna fill up and you are gonna stop.
        　　Questions:
        　　11. What is emotional eating?
        　　12. Which of the following is true about emotional eating?
        　　13. What is number one comfort food for man and woman alike?
        　　14. What figure on a hunger scale indicates that you are comfortably full?
        　　15. Which of the following is not one of the healthy foods as recommended by the nutritionist?
        　　评析：
        　　这是一篇访谈性对话，围绕着情绪化进食 (emotional eating) 这个主题展开。被采访人是一位营养学家，Joy Bauer。Joy Bauer首先介绍了什么是情绪化进食及其危害，然后给出了情绪化进食者的判断标准。对话进而谈到，男人和女人分别会通过什么食物来寻求慰藉。最后，Joy Bauer 建议情绪化进食者可通过饥饿量表来衡量自己的饥饿程度，如果实在要吃东西的话，可以通过先吃三种健康食物来抑制食欲。
        　　对话的关键词emotional eating，考生可通过常识预测对话的内容，难度一般。问题设定的顺序跟对话的进程一致，答案在对话中明显的体现出来，解题关键在于理清对话的脉络，关注细节信息。考生需要注意的细节信息有：关于情绪化进食的定义;男人和女人都爱吃冰激凌来寻求慰藉;健康量表指向5表示已经非常饱了以及营养学家提出的三种健康食物是什么。
       
            
            

entwo

分页标题#e#
        　　2012年3月上海中高级口译考试于3月18日开考，口译笔译站点为考生第一时间提供真题、解析、答案，敬请关注。本文内容为2012年3月高级口译考试真题及答案汇总。
        　　Question 16-20 are based on the following talk.
        　　Today, I’m going to talk about the health problems related to sun-tan. Sun-tan is preferred by lighter-skinned people, especially during the summer months. They like to give their skin a nice natural bronze color with the help of sun-tanning. Getting a natural tan is the sign of being healthy and being attractive. No wonder many people rush off to the beach at the onset of summer with their tanning lotions and laze away on a towel for hours on end. The result is healthy tanned skin, which people like to flaunt all day long. People often believe that a perfectly tanned skin improves their personality and the texture of their skin. However, it is not advisable to be in direct sunlight for a long time. Excess exposure of the skin to sunlight can actually damage the skin, and is the leading cause of skin cancer all around the world. Moreover, in countries like Australia, the atmosphere does not filter the sun rays completely, as the Ozone layer in the atmosphere is depleting quickly. The Ozone layer is responsible for filtering the harmful ultra-violet or UV rays of the sun that can damage the skin beyond repair.
        　　So what does a tan mean? A tan refers to exposure of the skin to the rays of the sun for a considerable amount of time. The UVB rays of the sun encourage the cells of the innermost layer of the skin, to produce more melanin pigments, which on their way to the outmost layer are tanned by the UVA rays of the sun. As a result, Vitamin D3 is produced naturally under the sun. The vitamin helps protect the bone and also protects us from diseases like osteoporosis. The direct rays of the sun also make the immune system stronger against the invasion of germs, and increase the body’s overall physical powers. It has a positive effect on the functioning of the heart, and improves blood circulation. Common skin diseases like acne and neurodermatitis can be treated with ultra-violet light. These are just some of the many positive effects that the sun offers in the form of its ultra-violet rays. You should take the advice of experts if you would like to go for a natural sun-tan. Different skins react differently to sunlight, and expert opinion should be sought, especially in the beginning. Do not overdo a sun-tan, as excess exposure to the sun’s rays can prove to be harmful to your skin. Wear a sun-tan lotion when you go out in the open during summer. Do not sunbath for more than once a day. Going to the beach or lying out in the sun once or twice a week is enough to maintain a good tan on the skin. Tanning in summer proves to be very beneficial, as it prevents skin fatigue, prepares your skin for the long summer months ahead, builds a natural protection, and produces a nice natural tan.
        　　Questions:
        　　16. What is the main topic of the speech?
        　　17. Which of the following is responsible for filtering the ultra-violet rays of the sun?
        　　18. What is the specific function of Vitamin D3?
        　　19. The ultra-violet rays of the sun have several positive effects on human health. Which of the following is not one of these effects?
        　　20. What can we conclude from the speech?
        　　评析：这是一篇关于健康的文章。文章主要讲述了晒日光浴的好处，以及在晒日光浴时要注意到的健康问题。话题不算难，有部分考生可能会受词汇影响而耽误听力理解。以下这些词是“日光浴”这个话题延伸出来的高频词汇：
        　　deplete: 消耗，耗尽，减少
        　　exposure：暴露
        　　Ozene layer: 臭氧层
        　　filter: 过滤
        　　ultra-violet：紫外线
        　　osteoporosis：骨质酥松症
       
            
            

entwo

分页标题#e#
        　　2012年3月上海中高级口译考试于3月18日开考，口译笔译站点为考生第一时间提供真题、解析、答案，敬请关注。本文内容为2012年3月高级口译考试真题及答案汇总。
        　　1. The average age of people in the countryside is increasing, while that of the cities is falling. More old people stay in the countryside than young people and the opposite is true in the cities.
        　　译文： 农村人口的平均年龄正处于上升趋势, 而在城市却正好相反。原因是在农村老年人要比年轻人多，城市正好相反。
        　　解析：本句难度适中，只需要按照句子的逻辑顺序将句子信息陈列出来即可。此外，本句无明显生词。
        　　2. One important reason for the move to cities has to do with quality of life issues: comfort and convenience. For example, most of us would like our children to receive the better education, and cities often offer better schools.
        　　译文：“进城热”与生活水平问题息息相关。人们向往城市舒适方便的生活。就像我们大部分人都想子女能够接收到更好的教育，而城市通常就有教育质量更好的学校。
        　　解析：在做本句翻译时需要注意在前半句适当地增译一些信息，如在comfort and convenience 处需要加上move to the cities的主语“人们”。后半句难度不大，直译即可。
        　　3. Most burglars are opportunist, looking for an easier break-in. So don’t make things simply for them. Don’t advertise the fact that you are out or away, or be careless about security.
        　　译文：大部分的夜盗都是投机分子，他们会寻找最方便快捷的“翻墙入室”的机会。所以不要给他们可乘之机。不要嚷嚷着让别人都知道你在家，也不要太马虎大意而忽略了安全问题。
        　　解析：本句句型不复杂，需要注意几个词语的译法，如opportunist本来是“机会主义者”，在这里用于形容burglars身上，需要相应地翻译成贬义词“投机分子”;此外，don’t make things simply for them可以用成语“可乘之机”概括，这些需要同学平时多做翻译练习积累，在会在临考时马上反应出来。
        　　4. Researchers from the University of Copenhagen and the University of Iceland said ash particles from the early part of the volcanic eruption are especially abrasive, posing a possible threat to aircraft engines.
        　　译文：来自哥本哈根大学和冰岛大学的研究者们表示早些时候火山爆发遗留的火山灰摩擦度非常高。这可能对飞机的引擎产生威胁。
        　　解析：本句句型简单，但生词较多，需要考生抓注意些重点词汇理解。如：volcanic eruption 是表示“火山爆发”， abrasive 表示“磨损的”。考生在遇到不会的单词时也不用过于慌张，一般句子中包含大量专业词汇句意都比较简单，可凭上下文进行推测。
        　　5. Lack of sanitation leads to wide spread of contamination of drinking water. Recent statistics say water-associated infectious diseases claim up to 3.2million lives each year, approximately 6 percent all death globally.
        　　译文：不注意环境卫生会导致饮用水大规模受污染。近期的数据显示与饮用水有关的可传染性疾病每年可导致320万人失去生命，这个数字接近每年全球死亡人数的6%。
        　　解析： 本句的主题是高口中常考的环境问题，全句无复杂结构，考生需要保证数字听译的准确性。本句中有出现两处数字，要求考生掌握数字速记的方法。
        　　contamination : 污染
        　　infectious : 传染的，有传染性的
        　　approximately : 大约
       
            
            

ensix

分页标题#e#
        　　2012年3月上海中高级口译考试于3月18日开考，口译笔译站点为考生第一时间提供真题、解析、答案，敬请关注。本文内容为2012年3月高级口译考试真题及答案汇总。
        　　The term “American dream” is widely used today. But what exactly does this concept mean? Where does the term come from? Has the meaning of the term changed over time? Questions like these can complicate a seemingly simple term and lead us to an even more important question: is the American dream a myth or a reality today?
        　　The term “American dream” began to be widely used in 1867. The term was used in a famous novel written by Horatio Alger. The novel, Ragged Dick, was a “rags to riches” story about a little boy who was orphaned and lived in New York. The boy saved all his pennies, worked very hard, and eventually became rich. The novel sent the message to the American public that anyone could succeed in America if they were honest, worked hard, and showed determination to succeed. No matter what your background, no matter where you were from, no matter if you had no money or no family, hard work and perseverance would always lead to success.
        　　Today, the message from Alger’s novel is still a prevalent one in this country. It is still used to define the American dream. A very basic definition of the American dream is that it is the hope of the American people to have a better quality of life and a higher standard of living than their parents. This can mean that each generation hopes for better jobs, or more financial security, or ownership of land or a home.
        　　However, new versions and variations of the American dream have surfaced since Alger’s novel was published. For one thing, the basic definition I stated a moment ago — the idea that Americans are always seeking to improve their lifestyle — also suggests that each generation wants more than the previous generation had. Some people would argue that this ever-increasing desire to improve the quality of one’s life may have started out on a smaller scale in the past, but today has led to an out-of-control consumerism and materialism.
        　　Another more benign view of the American dream is that it is about the desire to create opportunities for ourselves, usually through hard work. A hallmark of the American dream, some would argue, is the classic “self-starter,” the person who starts out with very little in life—little money, few friends, few opportunities—and works hard to make his or her way in the world. A classic example of this type of American dreamer would be former president Abraham Lincoln, who was born in a log cabin, was largely self-educated, and yet worked his way up in the world to eventually become a United States president.
        　　This view of the American dream has also been associated with immigrants and their quests for a better life in a new country. Americans have long been fascinated by immigrant stories, and many feel great pride about their own families who may have come from other countries, worked very hard, and created a better life for future generations.
        　　The American dream has also, historically, been associated with westward expansion in this country. Throughout most of the 1800s, the notion of the frontier—a vast expanse of largely unclaimed land in the West—symbolized new opportunities and a fresh start to people. Many a dreamer set off for the West in search of land, jobs, gold, or other opportunities, often with next to nothing in his pocket. Unfortunately, this idea of new opportunities in the West had a negative side. The American West was not unpopulated; Native American Indians already lived there, along with other immigrant groups, and these people were often displaced — or met with violence — if they interfered with the visions or ideas of westward-migrating Americans.
        　　A more recent interpretation of the American dream has to do with equality. Civil rights activists such as Dr. Martin Luther King Junior, used some of the rhetoric associated with the American dream to urge people to work for equal opportunities for all Americans, not just some Americans. A harsh reality was becoming clear to some people, especially in the 1960s and 1970s: not everyone had the same opportunities. If people were denied jobs, education, or other opportunities because of their race, ethnic background, or gender, was the American dream only a myth?
        　　评析： 这是一篇关于美国梦的文章。文中分别讲述了“美国梦”这一概念的出处和现今对“美国梦”的不同定义。“美国梦”的概念出自于小说《穿破衣服的迪克》，它传输给大众的观念是只要坚持梦想，不断努力，就能获取美国梦。而现今对“美国梦”的定义几经变迁，从一开始的“美国梦”意味着创造和把握机会，到后来80年代的西进运动，再到“美国梦”意味着平等。文章思路循序渐进，逻辑显明，根据时间线索层层递进的进行了讲述，考生比较容易把握住脉络和节奏做笔记。
       
            
            

enthree

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        　　2012年3月上海中高级口译考试于3月18日开考，口译笔译站点为考生第一时间提供真题、解析、答案，敬请关注。本文内容为2012年3月高级口译考试真题及答案汇总。
        　　Passage translation 1
        　　Mass urbanization of the world’s population is an unprecedented trend worldwide. The most important reason why people are moving to cities is economic. People are moving to the cities because that’s where they can find jobs and earn money. Until the 20th century, the major source of employment, full and part-time, was farming. Now, according to recent statistics, no more than 15 percent of all jobs are connected to farming. Jobs now are being created in information technology, manufacturing and service areas, such as tourism and financing, and all of these new jobs are in or around major cities.
        　　译文：世界人口大规模的城市化在世界范围内达到史无前例的规模。驱使人们不断涌向城市的最重要原因是经济因素。人们都涌向城市是因为在城里可以找到工作和挣钱。在20世纪以前，就业的主要途径，不管是全职还是兼职，一直都是农耕。而现在，根据最近的统计数据，只有不到15%的工作是和农业相关的。越来越多的工作产生于信息技术产业、制造业和服务行业，如旅游业和融资，而所有这些新兴工作都在大城市及其周边地区。
        　　评析：本题是高口热点话题“城市化”，在07年9月的高口NTGF部分也涉及到过城市化的问题，前一题的句子翻译S2也提到了“人们搬进大城市的原因，是追求高品质的生活”，而这里主要围绕工作展开。考查词汇都在大纲范围内，像urbanization, manufacturing等都属于常见热词，考生在平时对这些词汇有所积累，翻译起来并不难。相对passage 2, 这段话稍微有点长，这也提醒考生注意平时多练习听写记笔记，熟悉常考话题，这样在考试时才能拿高分。
        　　Passage translation 2
        　　Crime control is a pretty complex question, the first step, of course, is deterrence to stop people from committing crime in the first place. That involves the economy. Are there enough jobs for everyone? There should be. And social structure, are there enough support system? And so on. When people are convicted, and put in prison, then the goal should be to have reform programs inside prisons. So they want person comes out, they don’t return to a life of crime. If the education program and drug treatment program have been cut, convicted criminals are not being reformed.
        　　译文：如何控制犯罪率是一个十分复杂的问题。首先，当然要防止犯罪行为的发生。包括从经济方面来说，是否有足够的工作提供给所有人?这个是应该要保证的;从社会机构来说，是否有足够的社会保障体系?等等。而一旦人们犯了罪，被关进监狱了，那么监狱里就需要有改造计划，可以让这些人出狱之后，不再回到犯罪生涯。如果停掉教育计划和毒品治疗方案，那就无法对这些犯人就行改造了。
        　　评析：本篇段落翻译选自2008年春季高口的听力原文，这就暗示了广大口译考生，历年的听力原文等材料是平时训练的重要资源，平时多积累，考试的时候方可胸有成竹。
        　　本篇段落关注的是一个常见的社会问题——如何控制犯罪率。段落给出了两点建议，一个是要防患未然;二是在对犯人实施改造计划。内容对考生来说应该并不陌生，语速也较为平缓，作为两段翻译的的第二段，在难度上是可以接受的。
        　　本段词汇较为常见。注意deterrence，意是“威慑，制止”，这里考生也可将名词转译为动词，译为“防止犯罪行为的发生”;另外，convict这个单词意为“判…有罪”，convicted criminals指“囚犯，犯人”。
        　　段落的句子结构较为简单。考生只需注意这个长句：When people are convicted, and put into prison, the goal should be to have reform programs inside prisons, so that when the person comes out, they don’t return to a life of crime. 这个句子虽长，但只要理解语义，理清分句之间的逻辑关系，如when引导的是从句，the goal 后面的内容是主句，so that作的是目的状语。划分好结构，再按句子本身的语序进行翻译就可以了。
        　　总体而言，本篇英译中难度适中，主题也不偏颇另类，考生在平时注意对社会问题的积累，多进行真题练习，把握好时间和心态，相信会顺利完成翻译。
       
            
            

enfive

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        　　Passage Translation听译笔记