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发表于 2016-7-9 19:10:40
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副标题#e#
【练习三十九】
填充，每一个句子填入一个介系词和一个动名词，先举一个例子。
1. I am interested (listen) to music.
2. Please forgive me (be) so late.
3. In addition (study) , you should also have some exercises every day.
4. We talked (build) a house next year.
5. Thank you (help) me.
6. He is excited (travel) to Japan.
7. I am looking forward (meet) you.
8. He insists (talk) to me personally.
9. I believe (exercise) every day.
10. Did you participate that (swim) match.
11. He was not used (listen) to classic music.
12. My mother objected (visit) my aunt tomorrow.
13. I am not accustomed (go) to bed so late.
14. I am interested (swim) .
15. Are you responsible (write) this report?
16. He is excited (see) me tomorrow.
17. He is looking forward (see) that movie.
18. I am not used (hear) that kind of noise.
19. You should take advantage (have) such a good family.
20.He is in charge (send) students to other schools.
【练习四十】
将以下中文句子译成英文句子：
1.我不喜欢跳舞。
2.你对游泳有兴趣吗？
3.打蓝球是有趣的。
4.我们昨天谈到（talk about）教英文的事。
5.我不习惯（be not used to）抽烟。
6.我反对（object to）在公开场合哭泣（cry in public）。
7.除了游泳以外，他还应该打棒球（用in addition to）。
8.他可以（be capable of）每天跑一公里。
9.他负责（be in charge of）找寻一个好的地方。
10.我已习惯了（be accustomed to）早起。
9§3 不定词（Infinitives）
不定词＝to＋动词的原式。例如to go, to love, to eat等等，都是不定词，不定词和动名词的用法相似，以下全是用不定词用作名词的例子：
To love is to forgive.
To forgive your enemies will make you happy.
I like to eat chicken.
I asked my brother to come here.
He continued to read.
也许读者发现了不定词和动名词不同的地方：不定词不能用在介系词的后面，以下的句子都是错的：
＊I am interested in to play piano.
＊He is worried about to go abroad.
＊I am in charge of to prepare for the party.
如何将不定词用成名词呢？
1.不定词可以用作主词：如
To play tennis is great fun.
To play safe in the stock market is necessary.
To be kind to others is important for every one.
To respect your parents shows good character.
2.不定词可以用成很多动词的受词：
I like to swim.
He loves to listen to jokes.
My brother seems to be different.
I agree to lend him money.
Do you like to sing?
3.不定词可以跟在代名词的后面，形式如下：
动词（verb）＋代名词（pronoun）＋不定词（infinitive）
例如：
I told him to work hard.
I asked my brother to come back home.
He expects his friends to help him.
My teacher told me to wait for him.
I invited my sister to go to see a movie.
4.不定词常用在上述句子的被动语气中，例如：
He was told to work hard.
My brother was asked to come back home.
His friend is expected to help me.
I was told by my teacher to wait.
My sister was invited to go to see a movie.
以下是更多的不定词例子：
To give is more meaningful than to receive.
I love to swim in cold weather.
He agreed to listen to my story.
He decided to go anyway.
I told him to buy my book.
I invited him to come to my house.
I asked him to cook for me tonight.
Students are asked to work hard.
He needs to work hard.
I want you to send this letter to my father.
He requires every student to read one novel every week.
Every student is required to read one novel every week.
读者一定会问，是不是动名词可以和不定词互调，答案是否定的，有些动词后面可以跟动名词和不定词，但也有些动词，后面只能跟动名词，有些动词后面只能跟不定词。
有些动词后面可以跟动名词或不定词：love, like, hate, start, begin,以下的动词，后面只能跟动名词：
Enjoy I enjoy eating good food.
Appreciate I appreciate your being kind to others.
Avoid You should avoid making mistakes.
keep on Keep on working hard.
keep Keep singing.
consider He considered leaving home.
finish He finished writing this book.
suggest May I suggest drinking a cup of coffee?
discuss We discussed traveling to New Zealand.
以下的动词正好相反，只能跟不定词
agree I agree to sign this letter.
plan He plans to go away.
want They want to rent a car.
decide He decided to work hard.
seem He seems to be very happy.
appear He appears to be very sad.
一个字非常特殊，必须讨论一下，那就是stop：
stop smoking 指不再抽烟了
stop to smoke 指停下来，开始抽烟
9§4 动名词和不定词的被动和否定形式
将动词改成名词的时候，也可以有被动语气和否定语气，以下是一些例子：
Everyone likes to be loved.
This cup needs to be washed.
Being trusted is important.
I told him not to leave this house.
He asked me not to cry.
I was told not to fall asleep in class.
To be given a good gift on Christmas Eve makes me happy.
Being invited to that party is a great honor to me.
【练习四十一】
将下面的空格填入动名词或不定词
1. I enjoy (listen) to rock and roll music.
2. I asked him (go) away.
3. He was asked (leave).
4. I suggest (have) some fun.
5. He seems (be) a kind person.
6. You appear (be) quite tired.
7. I told him (have) a cup of wine.
8. I invited him (come) over.
9. Every one of you is required (work) hard.
10. Do you like (swim)?
11. I ordered him (read) my book.
12. I was expected (write) a letter to you.
13. He asked me (read) this letter to him.
14. Please keep (talk) to me.
15. Stop (drive) so fast. It is dangerous to drive too fast.
16. I hate (smoke).
17. (pass) the test is important.
18. (work) hard is the key to success.
19. My wife asked me to (bring) some flowers home.
20. He avoided (tell) lies.
【练习四十二】
将以下中文句子译成英文句子，用gerund或infinitive。
1.我请（invite）他到我家来。
2.我教（teach）他游泳。
3.被人爱令人快乐。
4.我讨厌（hate）抽烟。
5.我们应该避免（avoid）饮烟。
6.不要再（stop）抽烟了。
7.每个人都期待（expect）他写一本好书。
8.我要求（require）他每天念英文。
9§5 不定词的简式
不定词中一定要有to，但在有几个动词的后面，to又要省掉，最著名的是let，我们绝不可以说
＊I let him to leave.
而一定要说
I let him leave.
我们也不能说
＊I made him to work hard.（我使他努力工作）
而一定要说
I made him work hard.
以下的动词后面，不定词的后面都要省掉to。
动词 例句
let My mother let me watch TV tonight.
make He makes his students respect teachers.
have He had his sons clean their rooms.
see I saw him run away.
hear I heard the birds sing.
watch I watched the kids play.
notice I noticed her cry.
因为在这些动词的后面，本来应该用不定词，仅仅是to被省掉了，因此我们在这些动词的后面仍然要用原式，以下的句子都是错的：
＊He made his son ran away from home.
＊I saw him walked away..
＊I have never heard him sang any song.
Help这一个动词非常特别，它后面的不定词中的to可省略也可不省，以下的句子都是对的：
I helped him wash his car.
I helped him to wash his car.
【练习四十三】
以下的句子都有错，请改正：
1.＊He lets his son to drive his car.
2.＊He made me felt happy.
3.＊I made my friend to discuss his problem with me.
4.＊I had my son to get up early every morning.
5.＊I helped my father painted his house.
6.＊I had my brother to carry this heavy luggage for me.
7.＊I had Mary to marry me.
8.＊This song makes everyone to cry.
9.＊I helped Nancy worked hard.
10.＊He made us to believe him.
11.＊I saw him to play.
12.＊I heard Mary sang several songs.
13.＊I watched her to swim.
14.＊I saw the birds to fly away.
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