2017年12月六级第二套仔细阅读解析(杭州新东方)

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              Passage One
       
                　　46. What question does the example in the movie raise?
       
       
                　　答案：A) Whether robots can reach better decisions.
       
       
                　　分析：关于电影的例子出现在第一段，讲的是一部电影中，机器人通过计算两个掉入水中的人的生存机率从而决定到底救哪个。通过这个例子，作者提出了一个疑问，也就是这题题目，即would
humans make the same choice? And which choice would we want our robotic
counterparts to make? 联系整篇文章主题，可得知机器人如何做出正确的决定是问题所在。
       
       
                　　47. What does the author think of Asimov’s three laws of robotics?
       
       
                　　答案：D. They did not take moral issues into consideration.
       
       
                　　分析：第二段提到Isaac Asimov evaded the whole notion of morality in devising his
three laws of robotics，作者认为Asimov在制定机器人三定律时，刻意避开了道德问题。通过下文These laws are
programmed into Asimov’s robots—they don’t have to think, judge, or
value也可得出。
       
       
                　　48. What does the author say about Asimov’s robots?
       
       
                　　答案：B. They are programmed not to hurt human beings.
       
       
                　　分析：通过细看Asimov的机器人三定律1. Robots cannot harm humans or allow humans to come to
harm; 2. Robots must obey humans, except where the order would conflict with law
1; and 3. Robots must act in self-preservation, unless doing so conflicts with
laws 1 or 2 可以得出，三定律的基本主题就是不能伤害人类。下文还提到They don’t have to like humans or believe
that hurting them is wrong or bad. They simply don’t do it. 从They simply don’t
do it.就可以看出Asimov不允许机器人伤害人类。
       
       
                　　49. What does the author want to say by mentioning the word “harm” in
Asimov’s laws?
       
       
                　　答案：A. Abstract concepts are hard to program.
       
       
                　　分析：作者说，A word such as “harm” is vague (what about emotional harm? Is
replacing a human employee harm?), and abstract concepts present coding
problems. “伤害”这一词的概念本就是模糊的，并且给出进一步解释，抽象概念给机器人编程上也带来了问题。
       
       
                　　50. What has the roboticist at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory found in his
experiment?
       
       
                　　答案：C. Robots can have trouble making decisions in complex scenarios.
       
       
                　　分析：根据题干信息可定位到最后一段。文章首句就指出Assessing situations can be complicated.
判断情况对机器人来说是困难的。When one H-bot headed for danger, the robot successfully pushed
it out of the way. But when two H-bots became imperiled, the robot choked 42
percent of the time, unable to decide which to save and letting them both “die.”
转折处可以看出，当情况变复杂时，机器人就无法决定到底救哪个。
       
            
            

enfive

       
       
               
       
       
               
       
       
               
       
       
               
       
       
               
       
       
               
       
       
               
       
       
               
       
       
               
       
       
               
       
       
               
       
       
               
       
       
               
       
       
               
       
       
               
       
       
                　　Passage Two
       
       
                　　51. What does the example of iPhone 6s serve to show?
       
       
                　　答案：D. The rapid technological progress in a very short period of time.
       
       
                　　分析：此题为例证题。例子说明的观点已在例子前出现：Our world now moves so fast that we seldom stop to
see just how far we have come in just a few years.
       
       
                　　52. What can we expect to see by the year 2020?
       
       
                　　答案：B. The popularization of smart homes.
       
       
                　　分析：根据题干时间点定位到第三段。All researches agree that close to 25 billion devices,
things and sensors will be connected by 2020 which incidentally is also the
moment that Millennials (千禧一代) are expected to make up 75 percent of our overall
workforce, and the fully connected home will become a reality for large numbers
of people worldwide.
到2020年约250亿个设备等会形成互联，届时千禧一代将会占75%劳动力，世界上大多数家庭的设备也能够互联。这就是C选项所说的智能家庭的普及。
       
       
                　　53. What will business owners do when they become aware of the benefits of
the Internet of Things?
       
       
                　　答案：B. Gain automatic control of their businesses.
       
       
                　　分析：根据题干business owners可定位到第四段，leaders and business owners begin to wake up
to the massive savings that technology can deliver through connected sensors and
new forms of automation coupled with intelligent energy and facilities
management. 商人们意识到就可以看见科技所带来的大量的利润(massive
savings)，当然这对考生单词和长难句解读能力要求都较高。这题通过排除法做题则更简单。
       
       
                　　54. What is the most exciting challenge when we possess more and more
data?
       
       
                　　答案：A. How to turn it to profitable use.
       
       
                　　分析：此题定位也很简单，倒数第三段提到The biggest and most exciting challenge of this
technology is how to creatively leverage this ever-growing amount of data to
deliver cost savings, improvements and tangible benefits to both businesses and
citizens of these smart cities.
科技面临的最大最刺激的挑战是如何能够创造性地利用这些数据去实现开支节省以及实际利益。所以最大的挑战就是如何把虚拟数据变成真实收益。
       
       
                　　55. What does the author think about working from anywhere and at
anytime?
       
       
                　　答案：A) It is feasible(可行的) with a connection to the Internet.
       
       
                　　分析：文章最后一段提到，Let’s face it, it wasn’t too long ago that the idea of working
from anywhere and at anytime was some form of a distant utopian (乌托邦式的) dream,
and yet now we can perform almost any office-based task from any location in the
world as long as we have access to the internet.
通过今夕对比，告诉我们只要有互联网，我们就可以实现远程办公。
       
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